Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

Question 1: A. family practical guidelines        B. practical family guideline
C. guidelines practical family        D. practical family guidelines

Question 2: A. to offer        B. offer        C. offered        D. offering

Question 3: A. take        B. give        C. pin        D. hold

Question 4: A. pause        B. to pause        C. pausing        D. paused

Question 5: A. confusing        B. confusion        C. to confusing        D. confused

Question 6: A. to        B. with        C. for        D. at

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

Question 7: A. another        B. other        C. the other        D. others

Question 8: A. amount        B. level        C. range        D. number

Question 9: A. get over        B. look after        C. set up        D. catch up with

Question 10: A. In contrast to        B. In case of        C. In spite of        D. In front of

Question 11: A. shortcut        B. reward        C. glue        D. shelter

Question 12: A. curiosity        B. burnout        C. strain        D. belonging

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

Question 13:

A. Chloe: That’s fair—use it to practice explaining, not to copy, and you’ll remember more.

B. Ethan: I’m studying for finals, and AI answers fast, but I’m scared I’ll stop thinking.

C. Ethan: So I should treat it like a tutor, then test myself without it before the exam.

A.  a – b – c        B. b – c – a        C. b – a – c        D. c – b – a

Question 14:

A. Ben: Before sharing it, can we check the source and read another report outside the app?

B. Ava: You may be right. I clicked because the headline sounded exactly like what I already believed.

C. Ben: That is how a personalized feed works. It keeps showing us the same kind of opinions all day.

D. Ava: Did you see that shocking post about the new school policy? People in the comments are furious.

e. Ava: I guess slowing down and verifying first is better than helping a false story spread.

A.  b – d – a – e – c        B. d – a – b – c – e        C. d – b – a – c – e        D. d– c – a – b – e

Question 15:

Dear Sam,

A. The brand talked about “saving the planet,” yet the bottle and cap were still single-use plastic.

B. Last weekend, I joined a clean-up, and our leader asked us to scan a QR code for sign-in.

C. Some friends said my refill cup didn’t matter, but small habits can push stores to change.

D. Later I searched the campaign online, and the ads looked greener than the real product.

e. That made me think responsibility is shared: companies must be honest, and customers must ask questions.

A.  b – a – d – c – e        B. b – d – a – c – e        C. d – b – a – c – e        D. b – a – e – d – c

Question 16:

A. In some workplaces, this attitude can frustrate teammates, especially when important tasks are left undone and no one is willing to take responsibility beyond the minimum.

B. Many young workers today are criticized for “quiet quitting,” a term often used to describe people who do only what their jobs officially require and nothing more.

C. Yet the label is not always fair, because some employees are not avoiding work at all—they are simply refusing to sacrifice their health for demands that never seem to end.

D. At the same time, making this mindset a permanent habit may create another problem: people can become too comfortable, miss chances to grow, and slowly lose the trust of others.

e. Perhaps the real answer is not choosing one extreme or the other, but building a work culture where effort is respected, limits are clear, and extra contribution is rewarded fairly.

A.  e – c – a – d – b        B. c – b – a – d – e        C. b – c – a – d – e        D. c – a – b – d – e

Question 17:

A. Supporters of online call-outs argue that public pressure can force influential people to confront damage they ignored for years, especially in cases where victims had spoken up before but were doubted, minimized, or pushed aside.

B. After an old video suddenly resurfaced on my feed, I watched thousands of strangers form strong opinions within minutes, commenting as if a few edited seconds were enough to explain an entire situation.

C. But the speed of online outrage can easily become a form of punishment without careful proof, where apologies are treated as performances and one mistake is repeated until it hardens into a permanent identity.

D. Even so, part of me understood why many viewers still demanded consequences, because silence, delay, and endless excuses can protect people who repeatedly harm others and rely on the public to forget.

e. That is why the real challenge may not be choosing between accountability and forgiveness, but deciding where education ends and cruelty begins, so we should slow down, verify details, and respond in ways that match the facts.

A.  d – a – b – c – e        B. b – d – a – c – e        C. d – b – c – a – e        D. d – b – e – c – a

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Question 18:
A. is generating by artificial intelligence to deceive viewers

B.  were all generated by artificial intelligence
C. produced by artificial intelligence for fraudulent purposes
D. was generated by artificial intelligence

Question 19:
A. and the erosion of trust in media, and institutions, digital communication
B. as trust in media and institutions erodes, creating more reliable reporting
C. so as to erode trust in media, institutions, and digital communication
D. while eroding trust in media, institutions, and digital communication

Question 20:
A. that they see and have less likelihood of assuming to look at AI-generated content
B. what they see and are less likely to assume they are looking at AI-generated content
C. in what they are seeing and are less likely to assume that they look at AI-generated content
D. they are looking at AI-generated content and are less likely to assume what they see

Question 21:
A. which both his voice and article headline are manipulated
B. manipulating both his voice and article headline by him
C. so that it manipulated both his voice and article headline
D. that manipulated both his voice and article headline

Question 22:

A.  Journalists and media organisations have a responsibility to invest in training their staff on deepfake detection, while the general public needs to cultivate media literacy skills and be sceptical of information encountered online

B.  Although journalists and media organisations invest in training staff on deepfake detection, the general public should cultivate media literacy skills so that they can believe all information encountered online without any suspicion

C.  Because the general public needs to cultivate media literacy skills and be sceptical of information online, journalists and media organisations are responsible for training their staff to ensure the accuracy of digital content

D.  Journalists and media organisations have a responsibility to invest in training their staff on deepfake detection in order that the general public would cultivate media literacy skills and improve their own digital awareness

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Question 23: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as a justification for calling sleep deprivation a "public health epidemic"?

A.  Its profound influence on the psychological and intellectual abilities of individuals.

B.  Its significant and measurable repercussions on the financial stability of nations.

C.  The fact that it affects nearly half of the global population at some level.

D.  The rapid spread of biological pathogens caused by poor sleep hygiene in adults.

Question 24: The word "comparable" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to __________.

A.  complete        B. suitable        C. consistent        D. similar

Question 25: Based on paragraph 2, what can be concluded about the cognitive impact of insufficient sleep?

A.  Chronic sleep loss is less detrimental to motor skills than legal alcohol consumption.

B.  Creative thinking remains largely unaffected unless sleep is restricted for several consecutive nights.

C.  Even a single night of sleep restriction can diminish the brain's executive functions.

D.  Motor impairments are only observed when sleep loss is coupled with physical exhaustion.

Question 26: The word "this" in paragraph 3 refers to __________.

A.  personal lifestyle issue                        B. striking economic scale

C.  sleep-related workplace absence        D. lost productivity in the US

Question 27: The word "intact" in paragraph 4 is OPPOSITE in meaning to __________.

A.  preserved        B. reinforced        C. maintained        D. undermined

Question 28: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4: “In many societies, sleeping less is still implicitly equated with working harder, a sign of dedication rather than poor health management.”?

A.  By no means is sleep deprivation viewed as a failure of health oversight in various cultures; rather, it is hailed as a testament to one's professional industry.

B.  Such is the prevalence of this cultural mindset that insufficient rest is frequently misinterpreted as a mark of diligence instead of a lapse in personal well-being.

C.  Rarely do modern communities recognize the mismanagement of health inherent in restricted sleep, so long as such behavior remains a prerequisite for showing dedication.

D.  Far from being seen as a mismanagement of health, a curtailed sleep schedule is tacitly perceived across numerous communities as an embodiment of perseverance.

Question 29: In which paragraph does the author discuss the limitations of technological solutions in addressing the root causes of sleep deprivation?

A.  Paragraph 1        B. Paragraph 2        C. Paragraph 3        D. Paragraph 4

Question 30: In which paragraph does the author suggest that sleep deprivation is a systemic issue rather than just an individual choice?

A.  Paragraph 1        B. Paragraph 2        C. Paragraph 3        D. Paragraph 4

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Question 31: Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

Because the brain being rewired is still growing.

A.  [I]         B. [II]         C. [III]         D. [IV]

Question 32: The word "it" in paragraph 1 refers to __________.

A.  intermittent reinforcement        B. human weakness

C.  Silicon Valley                        D. children’s toy

Question 33: The phrase “walk away from” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to __________.

A.  step aside briefly        B. quit for good        C. slow down gradually        D. pause for a while

Question 34: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a feature that removes “natural stopping points”?

A.  daily time limits        B. infinite scroll        C. autoplay        D. personalised feeds

Question 35: The word "intolerable" in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to __________.

A.  unendurable        B. acceptable        C. offensive        D. rebellious

Question 36: Which of the following best summarizes the main content of the second paragraph?

A.  Scientific studies confirm that social rewards like digital likes are much more addictive to the human brain than physical rewards such as money or food.

B.  Frequent social media use triggers neurological shifts in developing brains, leading to a need for higher stimulation and an inability to cope with boredom.

C.  Research from major universities has proved that the striatum is the only part of the brain that remains active when teenagers are habitually checking their phones.

D.  Developing a tolerance to dopamine is a temporary condition that usually disappears once teenagers reach adulthood and start focusing on quiet spaces for thought.

Question 37: According to the third paragraph, what is a primary reason why social media addiction is so difficult to address?

A.  Users intentionally set out to spend hours on platforms to see the lives of strangers.

B.  The mechanisms causing addiction are built into the system and remain largely hidden.

C.  Natural stopping points are encouraged by the algorithm to ensure user health is protected.

D.  Lawmakers have already classified dopamine as the primary product of technology firms.

Question 38: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

A.  The vending machine will only stop being profitable if lawmakers decide to charge users a fee for every second they spend on social media platforms.

B.  Only when parents and users stop consenting to use these apps will the vending machine cease to provide the dopamine that leads to endless profits.

C.  Unless there is a collective recognition of the engineered nature of digital addiction, these platforms will continue to exploit users for profit without oversight.

D.  As long as the profit remains high, users and lawmakers will find it impossible to treat the vending machine as a serious threat to the neurological health of society.

Question 39: Which of the following can most likely be inferred from the passage?

A.  The psychological principle of intermittent reinforcement was originally created by Silicon Valley to patent their social media algorithms.

B.  The modern digital environment has made the state of having nothing to do significantly more difficult to manage for the human brain.

C.  Brain scans have shown that adults are more likely to develop a tolerance to substance use than teenagers who check social media daily.

D.  Autoplay and infinite scroll were unintended side effects of trying to make social media platforms more accessible to people with disabilities.

Question 40: Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A.  Major social media platforms are primarily designed to help users find small prizes and rewards through notifications that act as children's toys in the digital world.

B.  Research on the striatum suggests that human weakness is an accidental discovery by Silicon Valley that has led to the development of many profitable food products.

C.  Social media utilizes deliberate psychological engineering to trigger dopamine release, creating long-term neurological changes and persistent addiction through invisible design.

D.  The dopamine economy is a temporary phase in technological history that will eventually be replaced by a system where users and parents have total control over content.