Tiếng AnhTừ đề thi

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 2...

Đề bài

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

The Silent Epidemic

Sleep is one of the most fundamental biological needs a human being has. Yet across the industrialized world, it is also one of the most consistently sacrificed. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that more than one in three adults in the United States does not get the recommended seven to nine hours of sleep per night. Globally, up to 45% of the population is affected. The World Finance journal describes this as a "public health epidemic," not metaphorically, but in terms of its measurable impact on individual health, cognitive function, and national economies.

The consequences of chronic sleep deprivation extend far beyond tiredness. Research published in The Lancet Public Health confirms that moderate sleep loss produces cognitive and motor impairments comparable to legally defined levels of alcohol intoxication. The brain's capacity for planning, problem-solving, and creative thinking is significantly reduced after even one night of restricted sleep. Over time, insufficient sleep is strongly associated with increased risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease, and depression, conditions that place an enormous burden on public health systems worldwide.

The economic scale of this problem is equally striking. A RAND Corporation analysis estimated that sleep deprivation costs the United States approximately $400 billion per year in lost productivity, with similar figures recorded across Japan and Germany. Sleep-related workplace absence accounts for tens of millions of lost working hours annually across these nations alone. What is often framed as a personal lifestyle issue is, in measurable economic terms, a structural problem with consequences that reach far beyond the bedroom.

What makes this epidemic particularly difficult to address is its cultural dimension. In many societies, sleeping less is still implicitly equated with working harder, a sign of dedication rather than poor health management. Until this cognitive framing is challenged at a societal level, the structural conditions driving sleep deprivation will remain largely intact, regardless of how many sleep-tracking devices the market produces.

[Adapted from https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/data-research/facts-stats/index.html]

Question 23: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as a justification for calling sleep deprivation a "public health epidemic"?

A. Its profound influence on the psychological and intellectual abilities of individuals.

B. Its significant and measurable repercussions on the financial stability of nations.

C. The fact that it affects nearly half of the global population at some level.

D. The rapid spread of biological pathogens caused by poor sleep hygiene in adults.

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Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

SILENT INSPIRERS: Urbanization and the People Who Keep Cities Human

Urban life is often described through skyscrapers and traffic, but the quiet “city helpers” matter just as much. In newly crowded districts, (7) __________ residents notice change first—older neighbours downstairs, street vendors, and guards who watch the same corner every day.

Where they show up & why it matters

A rising (8) __________ high-rise blocks is kept running by caretakers who fix lights, sweep stairs, and defuse complaints before they explode online. Some volunteers also (9) __________ small after-school corners, offering homework help or water refills for delivery riders. The work is low-profile, yet it shapes daily trust.

Even (10) __________ rapid rent increases and constant construction, tiny routines can reduce tension:

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  • reporting hazards early

Together, these acts become social (11) __________ in dense neighbourhoods. Without them, the city may still function, but the community can lose its sense of (12) _______.

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The Generation Gap Is Showing Up in Small, Daily Conflicts

Local clinics and schools have reported a rise in misunderstandings between teens, parents, and grandparents—often sparked by “tiny” things: a meme taken seriously, a voice note ignored, or a family photo posted without consent. To reduce friction, the neighborhood office has released (1) __________ for households, covering privacy settings, screen-time boundaries, and respectful language online.

Many older residents feel shut out by apps (2) __________ no clear instructions, while younger users complain that every chat becomes a lecture. In these moments, people tend to (3) __________ blame instead of listening, so the real issue stays untouched.

If a disagreement turns heated, try (4) __________ the talk and switching to a simple question: “What did you mean by that?” A short guide is also available for families (5) __________ by mixed signals—seen messages, delayed replies, and “silent” reactions.

For serious cases, counselors can connect residents and direct support (6) __________ the right service after a brief intake call.

Question 1: A. family practical guidelines        B. practical family guideline
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