Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 3...

The Instant Dopamine Economy

Picture a vending machine that gives you a small prize every few seconds, but only sometimes. You never know exactly when, so you keep pressing the button again and again, unable to stop. This is not a children’s toy. This is the design logic behind major social media platforms. Each notification, each new like, each short video acts as a carefully timed reward, built to trigger a release of dopamine, the brain’s own pleasure chemical, just often enough to keep a finger scrolling. The technology is deliberately engineered around a well known psychological principle: intermittent reinforcement, the same mechanism that makes gambling so hard to walk away from. Silicon Valley did not discover human weakness by accident. It studied it, patented it, and scaled it to billions of users.

Why does this matter beyond mere habit. [I] Research from the University of North Carolina found that teenagers who habitually check social media show measurable changes in how their brains respond to social rewards, changes that may persist long into adulthood. [II] A separate study using brain scans found that receiving more likes activated the striatum, the brain’s core reward centre, in patterns similar to those seen in people responding to food or money. [III] Over time, just as with substance use, the brain can develop tolerance. It needs more stimulation to feel the same pleasure and grows increasingly restless in its absence. [IV] Boredom, once a quiet space for thought, becomes neurologically intolerable.

The most troubling part is not that platforms are addictive. It is that they are addictive by design, and that this design is often invisible. No one sits down intending to spend three hours watching videos of strangers. The algorithm removes natural stopping points. Infinite scroll eliminates the bottom of the page, autoplay removes the pause between videos, and personalised feeds ensure the next piece of content is always slightly more emotionally provocative than the last. Instant dopamine, in other words, is not a side effect of social media. It is the product. Until users, parents, and lawmakers treat it as such, the vending machine will keep running, coin free, consent free, and endlessly profitable.

[Adapted from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/]