Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.
The Hidden Climate Cost of Digital Streaming
As streaming platforms dominate modern entertainment, few users consider the environmental impact of their binge-watching habits. Every time someone watches a video online, vast data centres must process and transmit enormous amounts of information. These facilities consume substantial electricity to power servers and maintain cooling systems that prevent equipment from overheating. Recent studies reveal that global data centres account for approximately 1% of worldwide electricity consumption, a figure projected to triple by 2030 as streaming demand escalates.
The carbon footprint varies considerably depending on streaming quality. Watching one hour of high-definition content generates roughly 55 grams of CO2, equivalent to driving a petrol car for 300 metres. Ultra-high-definition streaming, which has surged in popularity, produces nearly three times this amount. Furthermore, the energy required to manufacture and dispose of these—smartphones, tablets, and smart televisions—compounds the environmental burden. Many consumers upgrade these gadgets frequently, creating mountains of electronic waste.
Innovative solutions are emerging to mitigate this impact. Several tech companies are transitioning their data centres to renewable energy sources, whilst others are developing more efficient cooling technologies. Additionally, algorithms that adjust video quality based on screen size and network conditions can significantly reduce data transmission requirements. Some researchers advocate for "digital sobriety," encouraging users to download content via Wi-Fi rather than streaming repeatedly, and to lower default video quality settings.
Individual actions, though seemingly minor, accumulate into meaningful change when adopted collectively. Disabling autoplay features, streaming audio instead of video for music, and supporting platforms committed to sustainability can all contribute to reducing digital carbon emissions. As environmental awareness grows, consumers increasingly recognise that their entertainment choices carry ecological consequences extending far beyond the screen.
Question 23: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the first paragraph as a factor contributing to the environmental impact of streaming?
A. The energy needed to run cooling systems for equipment.
B. The transmission of vast amounts of information by data centres.
C. The carbon emissions from the manufacturing of data servers.
D. The electricity consumed by servers in processing data.
