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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered...

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

“Nhạc đỏ”

“Nhạc đỏ”'s origins trace back to the early 20th century, (18) ______________. Initially, these songs were anthems of resistance, inspiring talented revolutionaries and soldiers alike with themes of patriotism, sacrifice, and the fight for national liberation. Many musicians of the time, often with an incredible musicality, would perform these songs, using various instruments, sometimes even a moon – shaped lute or bamboo clapper, to amplify their message.

During the First Indochina War (1946 – 1954) and the war against the US (1955 – 1975), “nhạc đỏ” became an essential part of daily life. Composers, many involved in the revolutionary cause, penned thousands of songs. These recordings were disseminated via radio and frontline performances, (19) ______________. The participation was widespread, and the music was vital for boosting morale, serving as propaganda, and unifying the population. The popularity of these songs was immense, reaching every corner of the country.

Characterized by overtly patriotic lyrics, often celebrating national heroes and victories, and strong, memorable melodies, “nhạc đỏ” aimed to educate, motivate, and mobilize. (20) ______________. Many competitions were held, where performers would showcase their talent, and the judges would ultimately decide the winners, often leading to national recognition and awards.

(21) ______________. You'll often hear them at family gatherings, where they present a strong connection to history. It symbolizes national identity and resilience, (22) ______________.

Question 18: 

A. despite being mainly focused on traditional folk melodies

B. deeply intertwined with Vietnam's independence movements

C. as Vietnamese composers began writing songs about romantic love

D. which were then influenced by many foreign musical styles

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