Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

Mediterranean Cruise Holiday Package

I. Destination highlights

Embark on an unforgettable journey through the Mediterranean, where you’ll discover (1) ______ coastal cities rich in history and culture. Our exclusive package includes visits to Barcelona, Rome, Athens, and Santorini.

II. What’s included

• A generous (2) ______ of shore excursions at each port
• All meals and premium beverages onboard
• Entertainment and recreational activities
• Complimentary Wi-Fi access

III. Booking conditions

Early bookings (3) ______ 31st March will receive a 20% discount. We (4) ______ flexible payment plans to suit your budget. Passengers should arrive at the departure terminal (5) ______ least two hours before sailing time.

Don’t miss this opportunity to (6) ______ lifelong memories with your loved ones!

(Adapted from cruise holiday brochures)

Question 1. A. stunning ancient several                                B. several ancient stunning

         C. several stunning ancient                                D. ancient several stunning

Question 2. A. deal                        B. amount                        C. quantity                D. selection

Question 3. A. until                        B. before                        C. since                D. during

Question 4. A. bring about                B. come up with                C. put forward        D. lay out

Question 5. A. at                        B. in                                C. by                        D. for

Question 6. A. forge                        B. construct                        C. build                D. establish

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

Kate Festival 2025 – A Vibrant Celebration of Cham Heritage

The Cham community in Ninh Phước District, Khánh Hòa Province, cordially invites you to experience their most (7) ______ annual celebration, which commenced on October 20th, 2025.

This spectacular festival, (8) ______ traditions date back centuries, showcases the spiritual beliefs and artistic expressions unique to Cham culture. Visitors will be treated to an extensive (9) ______ of ceremonial rituals, traditional music performances, and elaborate costume displays that illuminate the community’s enduring heritage.

The festival grounds have been (10) ______ with colorful decorations and authentic handicraft stalls where local artisans demonstrate ancient techniques. Religious ceremonies (11) ______ at the historic Po Klong Garai Towers will offer profound insights into Cham spirituality and architectural brilliance.

Don’t miss this chance to (12) ______ across a living cultural treasure and connect with the warm hospitality of the Cham people.

For visitor information, see https://khanhhoa-tourism.vn/

(Adapted from https://vietnamplus.vn)

Question 7.         A. signified                B. significant                C. signifying                D. significance

Question 8.         A. of which                B. whose                C. whom                D. that

Question 9.         A. array                B. amount                C. deal                D. quantity

Question 10. A. adorned                B. decorated                C. furnished                D. embellished

Question 11. A. having held        B. being held                C. to hold                D. held

Question 12. A. run into                B. come across        C. stumble upon        D. happen upon

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

Question 13. a. These efforts reflect a commitment to safeguarding cultural heritage, elevating Hue from a historical site to a living museum.

B. Traditional ceremonies and festivals have been revived within the citadel, attracting both domestic and international visitors.

C. The Imperial City of Hue has experienced remarkable conservation initiatives since the early 2000s, marking a renaissance in preservation.

D. Architectural restoration projects have meticulously reconstructed damaged pavilions, employing traditional techniques and authentic materials from the original era.

e. Concurrently, extensive documentation programs were established to record royal rituals, court music, and ceremonial practices that had nearly vanished.

A.  c-d-e-b-a                        B. c-b-d-a-e                        C. c-a-d-e-b                        D. c-e-b-d-a

Question 14. a. Please review the revised price list and acknowledge acceptance via the supplier portal upon login.

B. Existing quotations will be honoured; open orders will proceed under previously confirmed conditions as agreed.

C. New rates take effect on 1 December; volume discounts remain unchanged for 2026 contract cycles.

D. For clarification, contact your account manager or email pricing@polariscomponents.com for detailed guidance.

e. We are writing to inform you of updates to our pricing and terms effective next month.

A.  e-b-a-c-d                        B. a-e-b-c-d                        C. e-a-b-c-d                        D. e-a-c-b-d

Question 15. a. Anna: Congratulations on winning first place in the science competition! That’s absolutely amazing!

B. Anna: You really deserved it. All that hard work definitely paid off!

C. Chris: Thank you so much! I honestly didn’t expect to win at all.

A.  a-c-b                        B. c-a-b                        C. b-a-c                        D. a-b-c

Question 16. a. Jessica: Do you enjoy shopping in stores or online?

B. Jessica: So, both ways make shopping more interesting in their own right.

C. Jessica: I agree, but physical stores allow us to see the quality firsthand.

D. Brian: Yes, and that face-to-face interaction creates a sense of trust.

e. Brian: Online shopping saves time, but I miss the experience of browsing in person.

A.  e-a-c-d-b                        B. a-e-c-d-b                         C. a-b-d-c-e                         D. e-a-d-b-c

Question 17. a. During exam week last semester, I faced the consequences of putting off my revision until the very last minute.

B. I tried to cram five subjects in two days, believing I could learn the ropes quickly without systematic preparation.

C. This stressful period was a turning point that transformed my approach to studying and time management completely.

D. In reality, I retained almost nothing and performed poorly on tests despite staying awake for forty-eight hours.

e. Instead of repeating this mistake, I started using a planner and breaking study sessions into manageable chunks.

A.  a-b-d-c-e                        B. c-a-b-d-e                        C. a-d-b-e-c                        D. a-b-d-e-c

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

        Music now crosses borders faster than at any time in history. Digital platforms, migrant communities, and global tours move songs across languages. (18) _______. Cheap data and better translation tools reduce friction for first-time listeners. Radio and television once set the agenda; today, playlists and short videos do. Collaborations filmed on phones travel from small studios to global stages. When remixes go viral, local artists gain visibility abroad. (19) _______. Labels are then more willing to invest in cross-border projects. Yet globalization is not only growth and celebration. Some fear a uniform taste and the loss of local instruments. Public archives and community festivals can counter that risk. (20) _______. Local educators and elders share stories behind rhythms, not just catchy hooks. Curators try to balance novelty with familiarity in weekly playlists. (21) _______. Music workers also learn from each other–about rights, credits, and fair pay. If exchange is respectful, listeners can enjoy variety while scenes stay alive. (22) _______.

(Adapted from Smithsonian Magazine, “How We Can Support the World’s Rich Musical Diversity”)

Question 18. A. These networks disseminate content rapidly, enabling niche musical styles to reach curious international listeners

B.  This infrastructure spreads material quickly, allowing specialized genres to connect with interested audiences abroad

C.  Such distribution channels operate efficiently, helping distinctive musical traditions find receptive listeners globally

D.  These platforms transmit music swiftly, facilitating cross-cultural exchanges between diverse musical communities

Question 19. A. Consequently, streaming analytics persuade promoters to test unfamiliar markets and schedule international tours

B.  However, many promoters remain skeptical of streaming metrics when planning performances in untested territories

C.  Nevertheless, booking agents frequently disregard digital data in favor of traditional audience research methods

D.  Although streaming platforms provide insights, promoters typically prioritize established markets over experimental ventures

Question 20. A. These preservation initiatives maintain musical diversity while fostering respectful intercultural exchange

B.  Such conservation programs protect endangered musical traditions threatened by homogenizing commercial pressures

C.  These documentation projects record vanishing musical practices before they disappear from collective memory

D.  Such archival activities safeguard traditional instruments and techniques against the encroachment of modern technology

Question 21. A. Seeking to attract new audiences, curators design playlists that balance familiar selections with innovative material

B.  The diverse global audience demand variety, so playlists must carefully balance novelty with accessibility

C.  Hoped to broaden appeal, editors compile playlists that integrate established favorites with emerging trends

D.  Aiming at maintain engagement, playlist creators juxtapose conventional tracks with experimental compositions

Question 22. A. In this manner, cultural exchange can expand globally with homogenizing the distinctive voices that characterizes local scenes

B.  Through such approaches, musical globalization proceeds while preserving the unique characteristics that define regional traditions

C.  By these means, international collaboration flourishes without eroding the cultural specificity that sustained musical diversity

D.  Under these conditions, cross-border musical exchange was thriving while maintaining the authenticity that gives communities their identity

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

        Vietnam is ranked third globally by rare-earth mining potential and is increasingly courted as supply chains recalibrate. These elements underpin smartphones, cancer therapies, and renewable-energy technologies. Yet China still dominates the chain – about 63% of mining, 85% of processing, and 92% of magnet production – giving Beijing geopolitical leverage; in 2010, it even threatened export curbs to Japan. As the green transition accelerates and trade frictions persist, alternative sources gain salience; if supply chains fragment further, investors will prize jurisdictions offering credible governance and throughput.

        Rare earths are not always “rare”: they occur widely but seldom in high-grade clusters, which makes extraction expensive. Global reserves are estimated at roughly 120 million tons, with China holding 44 million, Brazil 22 million, Vietnam 20 million, and Russia 18 million. Vietnam’s known points – Dong Pao (Lai Chau), Muong Hum (Lao Cai), and the North Nam Xe system – are influential. Although reserves are substantial, deposits remain dispersed, extraction is costly, and domestic processing trails regional leaders. In short, scale exists, but bottlenecks persist.

        Environmental externalities are non-trivial. Waste rock and tailings can leach toxic substances into soils and aquifers if poorly contained. China’s experience is instructive: the Yellow River was threatened by mining-related waste, and in Guangdong, acid leaks damaged rice fields, streams, and canals. In response to health and ecological concerns, China tightened oversight and reduced output from 2012 onward. If analogous safeguards are not enforced elsewhere, communities may face similar risks, and remediation can become prohibitive.

        Vietnam’s constraints are well-documented: firms lack deep-processing technology and often complete only a fraction of the steps required for export-grade output. Enterprises reportedly reach about 40% of necessary processing – far below the Ministry of Industry and Trade’s 95% threshold. Resolution No. 10 acknowledges the sector’s importance but is short on specific mechanisms. The state has introduced pro-investment measures. These have included tax incentives, streamlined licensing, and industrial zones dedicated to mining and processing. Under CPTPP, projects must deliver “net benefits,” while VKFTA/EVFTA open pathways for joint ventures or wholly foreign-owned firms. By 2022, 108 FDI projects had been registered, totaling roughly US$4.9 billion.

(Adapted from Vietnam Briefing, “Rare Earth Mining in Vietnam: Industry Overview,” April 13, 2023)

Question 23. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 3 as an environmental harm or risk?

A.  Threats to a major river supplying millions of people

B.  Acid leaks damaging rice fields, streams, and canals

C.  Toxic substances leaching into groundwater systems and soil

D.  Large-scale deforestation in Vietnam’s Central Highlands

Question 24. The word jurisdictions in paragraph 1 can be best replaced by ______?

A.  regions                        B. territories                C. nations                D. authorities

Question 25. The word dispersed in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.

A.  diffused                        B. scattered                C. concentrated        D. tenuous

Question 26. The word These in paragraph 4 refers to ______.

A.  government measures such as tax incentives, streamlined licensing, and mining-processing industrial zones

B.  environmental penalties imposed on polluting firms in mining regions

C.  multilateral and bilateral trade agreements like CPTPP, VKFTA, and EVFTA

D.  nationwide geological surveys and long-term strategic mineral plans

Question 27. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 2?

A.  While reserves are considerable, geographical dispersion elevates extraction expenses and processing infrastructure remains underdeveloped.

B.  Substantial reserves exist, yet fragmented deposits increase costs and Vietnam’s refining capabilities lag behind neighboring countries.

C.  Despite sizable resources, small scattered ore bodies and high costs hinder progress, while processing capacity still lags.

D.  Despite ample mineral wealth, scattered occurrence raises costs and domestic value-addition still underperforms compared to competitors.

Question 28. Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 4?

A.  Resolution No. 10 delivered specific mechanisms and policies that instantly resolved technology transfer and financing bottlenecks.

B.  Vietnamese enterprises complete roughly 40 percent of required processing, short of the Ministry’s 95 percent export threshold.

C.  The CPTPP approves all mining investment automatically, without considering net benefits or national policy compatibility.

D.  By 2022, mining FDI numbered fewer than ten projects, totaling less than one hundred million dollars.

Question 29. Which paragraph mentions China leveraging rare earths geopolitically, including a 2010 export threat to Japan?

A.  Paragraph 1                B. Paragraph 2        C. Paragraph 3        D. Paragraph 4

Question 30. Which paragraph mentions specific Vietnamese deposit sites such as Dong Pao and Mường Hum?

A.  Paragraph 1                B. Paragraph 2        C. Paragraph 3        D. Paragraph 4

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

        Conservation often justifies novel tools on two instrumental grounds: efficiency and necessity. Efficiency says technologies help practitioners do the same work better – mapping, monitoring, curbing impacts – thereby refining decisions. Necessity says some tools are last resorts: without them, species or lineages fail. Many genomics projects fit one or both logics, from disease-resistant chestnuts to breeding programs steered by genetic data. [I] By contrast, de-extinction does not simply optimize or salvage recognized aims; it refocuses attention on fabricating close proxies of organisms no longer extant, inviting a different, more contested kind of evaluation.

        Advocates of an interventionist future invoke the Anthropocene: humans have massively reshaped Earth’s systems, so stewardship must be proactive, even garden-like. The background conditions anchoring place-based protection – stable climate, predictable baselines – are eroding; hence, assisted colonisation or gene drives may be the responsible course when habitats shift irreversibly. [II] On this view, nostalgia is a poor guide; conservation should be forward-looking, managing rambling, human-touched ecologies rather than chasing an unrecoverable past. The ethical thrust is not whether to intervene, but how to govern intervention so species can persist amid durable anthropogenic change.

        De-extinction sits awkwardly here: its techniques are novel, yet its goal is to reach back and reassemble what history has scattered. [III] Because ecological communities have moved on, habitats may be gone, relationships frayed, and released proxies could disrupt recipient systems. Moreover, genomes alone do not restore the relational values – ecological roles, cultural meanings, co-evolved dependencies – that make species significant. De-extinction, being backward-looking, rarely restores the value-grounding relationships that make species matter. This tension makes it harder to justify than tools that tackle causes directly, such as eliminating invasive vectors or enhancing diversity within still-extant, recovering populations.

        Consequently, many urge prioritising scalable projects that address drivers – climate stress, pathogens, invasives – over spectacular revivals. Gene-drive suppression of disease-carrying mosquitoes for Hawaiʻian birds, or genomic cloning to widen black-footed ferret diversity, aims to repair functioning ties rather than stage returns. [IV] Proponents reply that de-extinction might occasionally yield ecological gains or spur useful innovation, but even sympathetic accounts concede its limited upside. What is worse is this deeper problem: our systems often lack a viable place for the vanished, so manufacturing likenesses neither cures the causes nor mends the entanglements they once sustained.

(Adapted from Hastings Center Report, Wiley Online, “A New Ethics for New Science?”)

Question 31. According to paragraph 1, the efficiency rationale claims novel tools ______.

A.  help do existing conservation tasks more effectively without redefining objectives

B.  replace field ecologists entirely through automation and remote sensing capabilities

C.  create new species deliberately to expand biodiversity beyond historical baselines

D.  force emergency relocations whenever monitoring identifies climate risks elsewhere emerging

Question 32. The word nostalgia in paragraph 2 mostly means ______.

A.  keenly retrospective                                B. loosely prospective

C.  vaguely operational                                D. mildly innovative

Question 33. Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?

A.  Human reshaping of Earth compels proactive stewardship that privileges forward-looking interventions over restorative nostalgia.

B.  Long-term baselines remain stable, so conservation should concentrate on traditional protected-area management.

C.  Because technology is risky, minimal interference is ethically superior to deliberate ecological engineering.

D.  The Anthropocene proves de-extinction is essential whenever climate change alters historical habitats permanently.

Question 34. What is the passage’s stance on de-extinction relative to conventional goals?

A.  It diverts effort from preserving extant species and complicates clear, outcome-oriented priorities.

B.  It seamlessly integrates with efficiency logic by optimizing routine monitoring and mapping.

C.  It necessarily prevents extinctions better than assisted colonisation in shifting environments.

D.  It guarantees cultural restitution while fully restoring prior ecological dependencies.

Question 35. What do the gene-drive examples primarily aim to achieve?

A.  address causes                                        B. expand proxies

C.  memorialise losses                                D. increase spectacle

Question 36. The phrase this deeper problem in paragraph 4 refers to ______.

A.  habitat unsuitability                                B. root causes

C.  technological limits                                D. funding scarcity

Question 37. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

De-extinction, being backward-looking, rarely restores the value-grounding relationships that make species matter.

A.  Given its retrospective orientation, proxy production infrequently reconstitutes relational matrices – ecological dependencies, cultural significances – that originally invested taxa with conservation salience.

B.  Although temporally retrospective, de-extinction rapidly reconstructs ecological integration pathways species require, successfully restoring ancestral value propositions within contemporary ecosystem assemblages.

C.  De-extinction generally fortifies relational value by strategically inserting genomic proxies readily assuming functionally identical roles, automatically reconstituting historical significance.

D.  Orienting toward historical precedents ensures revived taxa automatically regain conservation significance because genetic verisimilitude guarantees comprehensive relational continuity and acceptance.

Question 38. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A.  Projects that directly mitigate drivers of decline are likelier conservation priorities than revivals that neither scale well nor repair underlying ecological linkages.

B.  If nostalgia motivates communities, de-extinction will usually outperform gene drives in long-term biodiversity resilience and system-level stability outcomes.

C.  As long as genomes are accurate, ecological relationships can be reliably reconstructed without comprehensive risk assessment or public deliberation.

D.  De-extinction primarily exists to generate revenue, so it should replace conventional conservation finance in most jurisdictions.

Question 39. Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

Some advocates suggest aligning de-extinction with established translocation guidelines to manage risks and clarify purposes.

A.  [I]                        B. [II]                                C. [III]                        D. [IV]

Question 40. Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A.  De-extinction is innovative but largely misaligned with Anthropocene realities; scalable, cause-oriented interventions better serve conservation ethics and outcomes.

B.  Because technology advances quickly, any genomic application automatically counts as necessary and efficient conservation.

C.  Nostalgia should govern stewardship; the goal is to recreate historical assemblages wherever possible.

D.  Gene drives are universally safe and should immediately replace all other conservation tools.