Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

iTech Expo 2025 – Vietnam’s Premier Technology Showcase

The iTech Expo 2025, scheduled to take place in Ho Chi Minh City from July 9th to 11th, promises to be a groundbreaking event for technology enthusiasts and industry professionals. With more than 120 exhibition booths (1) ______ cutting-edge innovations in artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, Big Data analytics, drone technology, and robotics, this international gathering will provide attendees with unprecedented access to the latest technological advancements.

A dedicated startup zone will allow emerging companies to (2) ______ their revolutionary products and connect with potential investors. The expo will feature an extensive (3) ______ of interactive demonstrations, keynote speeches delivered by tech visionaries, and networking sessions designed to foster collaboration across borders.

This event represents a golden opportunity for businesses, researchers, and tech enthusiasts (4) ______ in exploring future-oriented solutions. Participants will gain valuable insights into market trends and establish meaningful partnerships that could (5) ______ their digital transformation journey. Early registration is highly (6) ______ as spaces are limited.

For registration details, visit https://itechexpo.vn/.

(Adapted from https://en.vietnamplus.vn/)

Question 1. A. at which                B. where                C. showcasing        D. when

Question 2. A. roll out                B. phase out                C. carry out                D. break out

Question 3. A. array                        B. volume                C. quantity                D. portion

Question 4. A. interest                B. interesting                C. interests                D. interested

Question 5. A. boost                B. increase                C. accelerate                D. enhance

Question 6. A. recommendation        B. recommended        C. recommending        D. recommend

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent text.

Question 7. a. STEM fellowships funded research internships and tuition waivers, prioritising first-generation and rural applicants facing barriers.

B. Yet equitable access requires fair selection, transparent reporting, and alumni mentorship sustaining communities beyond graduation.

C. Meanwhile, need-based grants bundled housing, laptops, and travel, reducing attrition during demanding semesters for many.

D. Application portals simplified requirements; outreach translated guidelines; advising clinics demystified timelines and selection criteria nationwide.

e. Scholarship opportunities expanded for Vietnamese students, spanning domestic aid, bilateral programmes, and institutional bursaries widely.

A.  e-d-a-c-b                        B. d-e-a-c-b                        C. e-a-d-c-b                        D. e-d-c-a-b

Question 8.  Dear Mr Thompson,

A. Please retain your original purchase receipt and warranty card for verification purposes at our service center.

B. We acknowledge receipt of your warranty claim for the XR-500 laptop submitted on October 20th.

C. Our technician will inspect the device and complete the repair within 10 business days.

D. The warranty coverage remains valid until March 2026, subject to terms and conditions outlined in your manual.

e. For urgent inquiries, contact our support team at warranty@techsolutions.com or call 1800-TECH-247.

Yours sincerely,

TechSolutions Customer Care

A.  b-d-a-c-e                        B. d-b-c-a-e                        C. a-c-b-d-e                        D. c-b-a-d-e

Question 9.  a. Nicole: I know you’ve been feeling really down lately. Is there anything I can do to help?

B. Ryan: Thanks for caring, Nicole. Just having someone to talk to means a lot to me right now.

C. Nicole: I’m always here for you. Why don’t we go get some coffee and chat properly?

A.  a-c-b                        B. c-a-b                        C. a-b-c                        D. b-a-c

Question 10. a. Madison: True, but fast food is convenient when you’re busy.

B. Andrew: Occasionally. It’s quick, but homemade meals are healthier.

C. Madison: Do you eat fast food often?

D. Andrew: Right, cooking at home brings a sense of care and creativity.

e. Madison: I think balance is the key to healthy eating.

A.  a-b-c-d-e                         B. c-b-a-d-e                         C. a-c-b-d-e                         D. b-a-c-e-d

Question 11. a. After a heated argument, I immediately tried to clear the air with my friend through a heartfelt conversation.

B. Last summer, my best friend and I had a serious misunderstanding about something I allegedly said about her.

C. However, she was still upset and refused to listen to my explanations despite my sincere attempts repeatedly.

D. This painful experience was ultimately valuable and taught me that reconciliation requires patience and genuine understanding from both sides.

e. Rather than forcing the issue, I gave her space and later wrote a thoughtful letter explaining my perspective.

A.  b-a-c-d-e                        B. d-b-a-c-e                        C. a-b-c-e-d                        D. b-a-c-e-d

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 12 to 21.

        On the International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples, speakers at a UN EMRIP side event argued that visibility is survival, stressing that communities are both modern and ancient. The UN’s neutrality, they contended, furnishes a sanctuary where testimony can be offered without reprisals, allowing narratives to contest stereotypes and convene allies. [I] In such rooms, “nothing about us without us” becomes procedural rather than rhetorical, because those affected articulate needs, risks, and thresholds for consent in their own voices.

        Taking AI into their own hands, participants reframed “data” as a historically extracted resource – language, stories, artwork – requiring stewardship, not appropriation. A Métis-led firm described matriarchal design as fairness enacted: an AI With Heart that corrects bias, centers First Peoples, and insists everyone has a place in the circle. [II] For language workers, revitalization is identity work; deciding who may hear a story, and in which tongue, is an act of self-determination that resists commodification and the algorithmic flattening of living cultures.

        Others warned that preservation without co-design can fossilize languages, freezing them at a museum’s distance. AI is no longer a mere instrument; it functions as civic infrastructure that obliges rights-based governance and accountable design. The UN Declaration’s guarantee of free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) was cited as a floor, not a ceiling, for any data use. [III] Involvement must occur at inception, not as an afterthought, and speed must yield to deliberation where harm vectors remain opaque.

        Moving forward, speakers endorsed human-centred design that begins with Indigenous worldviews, plus capacity-building so communities can elect to engage on their own terms. [IV] Stewardship implies asymmetry at first: protect data before opening it, then share when safety is demonstrable. The “move fast and break things” ethos was rejected; instead, slow down, document trade-offs, and bring dispersed learners along. The UN can convene, but sovereignty means communities set protocols, govern access, and shape cultural algorithms that encode reciprocal obligations.

(Adapted from OHCHR, “Indigenous sovereignty in the AI era”)

Question 12. The word matriarchal in paragraph 2 mostly means ______.

A.  vaguely technocratic                                B. overtly paternal

C.  chiefly maternal                                        D. narrowly transactional

Question 13. What does the passage suggest about the UN side event’s unique value?

A.  It offers a neutral sanctuary safer than some regions for candid Indigenous testimony.

B.  It primarily funds proprietary tools and dictates standards without meaningful community participation.

C.  It replaces domestic decision-making by issuing binding rulings for all governments.

D.  It guarantees rapid deployment by prioritising speed over deliberation in contested settings.

Question 14. According to paragraph 3, the UN Declaration affirms ______?

A.  free, prior, and informed consent for matters directly affecting their communities.

B.  open-source licensing for all datasets derived from public cultural archives.

C.  cross-border fair-use privileges for research-intensive technology corporations.

D.  automatic anonymization mandates regardless of protocols or community vetoes.

Question 15. Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?

A.  Communities recast data as stewarded culture; language is identity; fairness emerges through matriarchal design that corrects bias and resists algorithmic flattening.

B.  Governments alone must police platforms while private firms manage language archives for maximum efficiency and reach across markets and jurisdictions.

C.  Data markets ensure equitable returns so long as licensing is standardized and neutrality is maintained by third-party auditors worldwide.

D.  Translation tools inevitably democratise heritage; gatekeeping harms revitalization because unrestricted access accelerates learning across dispersed communities.

Question 16. What is “AI With Heart”?

A.  An Indigenous bias-correction AI framework        B. Commercial data monetization venture

C.  Government-run content moderation bureau        D. Language-agnostic translation marketplace

Question 17. Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

Such settings can also catalyse solidarity across dispersed nations facing similar digital harms.

A.  [I]                        B. [II]                                C. [III]                                D. [IV]

Question 18. Which of the following does the phrase the circle in paragraph 2 refer to ______?

A.  inclusive community                                B. legal tribunal

C.  pricing algorithm                                        D. data marketplace

Question 19. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A.  Efforts to digitize Indigenous languages without consent-based governance risk re-inscribing extraction, because tools can freeze culture and misallocate authority over storytelling, and exclude communities altogether.

B.  Once languages are recorded, any subsequent AI use is unproblematic if the models publish accuracy benchmarks and follow generic privacy regulations for consumers.

C.  UN recognition alone suffices to guarantee equitable data sharing, even where capacity and governance structures are currently minimal or contested by stakeholders.

D.  Algorithmic neutrality ensures fairness; therefore, deliberation delays harm revitalization and should be minimized to accelerate beneficial cultural diffusion internationally.

Question 20. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

AI is no longer a mere instrument; it functions as civic infrastructure that obliges rights-based governance and accountable design.

A.  AI now operates like shared utilities so it warrants policy safeguards and accountable oversight rather than being treated as neutral optional gizmo.

B.  AI, while powerful, remains discretionary luxury; thus strict governance would unnecessarily impede market-led innovation and threaten open collaboration across borders.

C.  Because AI is programmable, any harms can be patched quickly, making formal rights frameworks redundant and largely symbolic in development practice.

D.  Treating AI as infrastructure undermines civil rights; therefore communities should defer entirely to engineers on governance and impact-assessment methodology.

Question 21. Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A.  A UN forum highlights Indigenous leadership in AI, foregrounding data sovereignty, FPIC, human-centred design, protect-first sharing, and cultural algorithms grounded in reciprocal obligations.

B.  Global regulators should centralize archives and standardize access while communities observe, ensuring universal efficiency in language revitalization and technology deployment.

C.  Market forces naturally protect culture; thus, rapid scaling and unrestricted openness are preferable to community governance and consent-based protocols.

D.  Technical neutrality suffices for fairness; cultural participation is desirable but ultimately unnecessary for responsible AI development at scale.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 22 to 26.

        The rapid growth of e-commerce has transformed the way businesses interact with consumers, creating opportunities that were unimaginable a few decades ago. (22) _______. Online platforms allow even small retailers to reach international markets without the need for physical stores. This shift has also changed consumer expectations, as people now demand faster delivery and more personalized services. (23) _______. Companies that fail to adapt often lose market share to competitors who embrace digital strategies. (24) _______. Governments, meanwhile, face the challenge of regulating online trade while still encouraging innovation and fair competition. (25) _______. The future of e-commerce will likely depend on how effectively businesses balance convenience, security, and sustainability. (26) _______. These dynamics illustrate that digital trade is not only an economic phenomenon but also a social transformation shaping everyday life.

(Adapted from Britannica “E-commerce”)

Question 22. A. Many firms have invested substantially in digital infrastructure, aiming to improve logistics efficiency and reduce transaction costs across regions

B.  Numerous companies have committed significantly to online systems, seeking to enhance supply chain performance and lower operational expenses internationally

C.  Various enterprises have allocated considerably to digital platforms, striving to optimize distribution networks and decrease business costs globally

D.  Multiple organizations have dedicated extensively to electronic infrastructure, attempting to refine delivery systems and minimize commercial expenses worldwide

Question 23. A. The rise of online shopping has compelled traditional retailers to fundamentally rethink pricing strategies, store layouts, and customer engagement approaches

B.  The growth of digital commerce has forced conventional merchants to thoroughly reconsider pricing models, physical designs, and consumer interaction methods

C.  The expansion of internet purchasing has required established retailers to completely reassess pricing frameworks, outlet configurations, and client relationship tactics

D.  The proliferation of electronic buying has obligated traditional vendors to extensively reexamine pricing structures, space arrangements, and shopper connection strategies

Question 24. A. It is this tension between innovation and regulation that explains why international organizations frequently call for harmonized rules governing digital commerce

B.  It is this conflict between technological advancement and oversight that clarifies why global bodies regularly advocate for unified standards regulating online trade

C.  It is this friction between progress and control that accounts for why multinational entities consistently promote coordinated guidelines controlling electronic business

D.  It is this discord between development and governance that demonstrates why worldwide institutions persistently request standardized regulations managing internet commerce

Question 25. A. Should companies ignore cybersecurity measures, sensitive customer data would be exposed and consumer trust would risk being permanently lost

B.  Were enterprises to disregard security protocols, confidential client information would be compromised and customer confidence would hazard being irrevocably forfeited

C.  If organizations neglected protective systems, private consumer data would be revealed and public trust would jeopardize being irretrievably sacrificed

D.  Should businesses overlook security safeguards, protected customer information would be endangered and consumer faith would chance being definitively undermined

Question 26. A. Because digital platforms collect vast data quantities, policymakers must ensure privacy protections while simultaneously enabling economic growth

B.  Since online systems accumulate enormous information volumes, regulators must guarantee data protection while concurrently facilitating commercial expansion

C.  As electronic platforms gather massive data amounts, authorities must secure individual privacy while simultaneously promoting business development

D.  Given that digital services compile substantial information quantities, legislators must establish confidentiality safeguards while simultaneously supporting economic progress

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 27 to 34.

        For decades, universal basic income sat as an obscure notion in policy backrooms; now it permeates mainstream debate. The proposal – typically a no-strings monthly cash grant to everyone – has been revived by automation anxieties, widening inequality, and the Covid-19 income shock. US campaigners from Andrew Yang to Occupy helped popularize it, yet true universality remains rare: many “UBI” pilots are means-tested or limited. Researchers stress that “universal,” “basic,” and “income” are not slogans but precise criteria, distinguishing unconditional cash from today’s contingent benefits.

        Supporters coalesce for different reasons. One camp wants stronger protection for the most disadvantaged as wages stagnate and living costs climb. Another decries the patchwork safety net: fragmented rules that stigmatize recipients and create perceived work disincentives. A universal, unconditional grant could reduce gatekeeping and shame, but it also directs vast sums to people who are not poor. The strategic dilemma is whether UBI should supplement existing programs or replace them – trade-offs that carry profound distributional and political consequences.

        Evidence from Alaska’s dividend and the Eastern Cherokee payments shows modest, universal transfers do not trigger vice sprees and barely dent labor supply; households spend like they do with other income – on rent, transport, food, clothing. Still, scale is daunting: A UBI set at $1,000 per month per person would dwarf today’s entire safety-net budget. Suggested funding – carbon levies, financial-sector taxes – cannot escape the arithmetic that universality is expensive, so anti-poverty yield depends on whether resources are targeted or spread thinly.

        Alternatives recur. A negative income tax phases out benefits as earnings rise; it is “UBI without universality.” Existing tools – EITC and SNAP – cut poverty substantially yet miss childless adults and impose conditions. Scholars propose expanding near-universal child credits and paying monthly, widening access while keeping targeting. City pilots like Stockton or Chicago provide unconditional cash but only to selected low-income residents, not everyone. Policymakers juggle speed versus means-testing: rapid delivery in crises can conflict with administrative checks intended to concentrate aid.

(Adapted from Knowable Magazine interview with Hilary Hoynes & Jesse Rothstein: “Universal Basic Income,” 2020)

Question 27. The word obscure in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.

A.  arcane                B. nebulous                        C. renowned                        D. esoteric

Question 28. Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 2?

A.  Pro-UBI groups fully agree that UBI must replace the current safety net immediately.

B.  Universality guarantees resources mainly reach those already below the poverty line.

C.  UBI may reduce stigma by removing eligibility gatekeeping, but allocation trade-offs remain.

D.  The “patchwork” safety net is praised for its elegant simplicity and uniform rules.

Question 29. The word it in paragraph 2 refers to ______.

A.  the patchwork safety net                                B. a universal, unconditional grant

C.  the strategic dilemma                                D. wage stagnation

Question 30. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

A.  A monthly $1,000 UBI would constitute an expenditure several times larger than current aggregate welfare spending.

B.  Providing $1,000 monthly to all residents would require funding that vastly surpasses existing safety-net allocations.

C.  A $1,000 monthly UBI would be so costly that it would exceed what the US now spends on major social programs combined.

D.  A $1,000-per-person monthly program would cost significantly more than the total devoted to traditional assistance programs.

Question 31. The word patchwork in paragraph 2 can be best replaced by ______?

A.  a fragmented, overlapping jumble of programs with clashing rules and eligibility thresholds across agencies and states

B.  a carefully harmonized suite of benefits engineered to deliver uniform coverage nationwide with minimal administrative burden

C.  an innovative portfolio of modular supports intentionally diversified to promote experimentation and localized democratic control

D.  a streamlined continuum of services integrating health, income, and housing through a single federal office with real-time data

Question 32. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 4 as a policy design or feature under discussion?

A.  expanding near-universal child credits and paying them monthly to broaden access beyond wage earners

B.  city pilots giving unconditional cash only to selected low-income residents rather than to all residents equally

C.  automating eligibility through blockchain smart contracts to eliminate administrative discretion and human error entirely

D.  the tension between rapid crisis payments and slower means-testing intended to concentrate limited resources

Question 33. Which paragraph mentions that pilots in places like Stockton and Chicago are not truly universal?

A.  Paragraph 1        B. Paragraph 2                C. Paragraph 4                D. Paragraph 3

Question 34. Which paragraph mentions the Alaska Permanent Fund and Eastern Cherokee payments as evidence about spending and work?

A.  Paragraph 2        B. Paragraph 3                C. Paragraph 1                D. Paragraph 4

Read the following article and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 35 to 40.

Strengthening Family Bonds In The Digital Age

In today’s fast-paced world, maintaining strong family connections requires intentional effort. Here are practical strategies to help families (35) ______ meaningful relationships:

Establish Technology-Free Zones

Designate specific times or areas in your home where devices are not allowed. (36) ______ families report that having meals together without phones present significantly improves communication and bonding.

Create Shared Experiences

Plan regular activities that everyone can enjoy, from (37) ______ game nights to outdoor adventures. These moments create lasting memories and strengthen emotional connections.

Practice Active Listening

When family members share their thoughts or concerns, give them your full attention. Show genuine interest (38) ______ their daily experiences, (39) ______ trivial they may seem. This validates their feelings and builds trust.

Celebrate Achievements Together

Acknowledge both big accomplishments and small victories. This positive reinforcement (40) ______ in building confidence and creating a supportive family environment where everyone feels valued.

Remember, strong families aren’t built overnight – they require consistent effort and dedication from all members.

(Adapted from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/family-dynamics)

Question 35. A. keep up                B. look into                C. bring up                D. turn down

Question 36. A. A large amount of        B. A good many        C. Much of                D. A great deal

Question 37. A. weekly fun indoor                                B. indoor weekly fun

C.  fun indoor weekly                                D. weekly indoor fun

Question 38. A. in                        B. at                        C. on                        D. for

Question 39. A. no matter                B. however                C. in spite of                D. even though

Question 40. A. makes                B. does                C. works                D. acts