Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

Vietnam Web Summit 2025: Tech – The Foundation for Operating in the Digital Age

Vietnam Web Summit 2025 emerges as the definitive technology conference (1) ______ cutting-edge digital solutions meet practical business applications. This landmark event will convene software developers, digital (2) ______, and tech entrepreneurs exploring the convergence of web and mobile technologies. 

The summit’s comprehensive agenda encompasses a substantial (3) ______ of sessions addressing cloud computing, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence integration, and user experience optimization. Internationally acclaimed technology leaders will (4) ______ masterclasses on building scalable digital platforms and monetization strategies.

Developers aspiring to (5) ______ their technical skills can participate in hands-on coding workshops and certification programs. Innovation showcases will feature startups (6) ______ solutions are revolutionizing e-commerce, fintech, and digital healthcare sectors.

Don’t miss exclusive networking receptions and career opportunities with Vietnam’s fastest-growing technology companies.

Register now at https://vietnamwebsummit.com/.

(Adapted from https://vietnamwebsummit.com/)

Question 1. A. which                B. where                C. who                        D. whom

Question 2. A. strategize                B. strategist                C. strategy                D. strategists

Question 3. A. volume                B. proportion                C. assortment                D. collection

Question 4. A. conduct                B. direct                C. manage                D. guide

Question 5. A. sharpen                B. refine                C. hone                D. polish

Question 6. A. when                B. whose                C. of which                D. that

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

Annual Summer Garden Party

Date: Saturday, June 15th, 2024

Time: 6:00 PM - 11:00 PM

Venue: Riverside Botanical Gardens

We are delighted to extend an invitation to our Annual Summer Garden Party. This year’s celebration promises to be an unforgettable evening of entertainment, fine dining, and networking opportunities.

What to Expect:

The event will (7) ______ place in the beautiful Riverside Botanical Gardens, featuring live jazz music, a selection of (8) ______ wines, and a diverse menu prepared by award-winning chefs. Guests are encouraged to dress in semi-formal attire, (9) ______ the evening will include both indoor and outdoor activities. We have arranged (10) ______ transportation options for your convenience, including valet parking and shuttle services from the city center. To ensure you make the most of the evening, we recommend arriving early to (11) ______ in the welcome reception and garden tour. Please confirm your attendance by June 1st, as spaces are limited and this event has proven to be highly popular in (12) ______ years.

(Adapted from https://www.eventbrite.com/blog/garden-party-ideas/)

Question 7.   A. make                B. hold                C. take                D. give

Question 8.   A. fine wines vintage                                B. vintage fine wines                        

           C. fine vintage wines                                D. wines fine vintage

Question 9.   A. as                        B. because                C. despite                D. unless

Question 10. A. a number of        B. a great deal of        C. much                D. an amount of

Question 11. A. participate                B. commit                C. contribute                D. perform

Question 12. A. ancient                B. previous                C. elderly                D. former

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent text.

Question 13. a. Charlotte: Do you enjoy reading fiction more than non-fiction?

B. Oliver: Fiction inspires imagination, but non-fiction gives real knowledge.

C. Charlotte: That’s true, but stories often teach lessons through emotion and creativity.

D. Oliver: Right, both types deepen our understanding in different dimensions.

e. Charlotte: So, reading variety enriches both the heart and the mind.

A.  a-b-c-d-e                         B. a-b-d-c-e                         C. a-c-b-d-e                         D. b-a-c-e-d

Question 14. a. Pilot programs linked cooperatives with agritech startups, improving traceability, yields, and risk management across provinces.

B. Sustained impact will require financing, open standards, and farmer training to prevent digital exclusion risks.

C. In the Mekong Delta, smart irrigation balanced salinity intrusion, protecting rice-shrimp rotation productivity during droughts.

D. Meanwhile, drones monitored pests and sprayed precisely, cutting chemicals and labour while raising consistency nationwide.

e. Vietnamese agriculture is embracing Industry 4.0, upgrading cultivation with data, sensors, and automation at scale.

A.  c-a-e-d-b                        B. e-a-c-d-b                        C. e-c-a-d-b                        D. e-a-d-c-b

Question 15. a. Ethan: Of course! I’ll send you photos of all the pages right now via email.

B. Madison: Could I borrow your biology notes from yesterday’s class? I had to miss it unfortunately.

C. Madison: That’s so helpful. Thank you very much! I really appreciate it.

A.  a-c-b                        B. c-a-b                        C. a-b-c                        D. b-a-c

Question 16. Dear Ms. Williams,

A. We received an overwhelming response with exceptionally qualified candidates, making the selection process remarkably competitive and challenging for our committee.

B. Thank you for your interest in the Project Coordinator role and for taking the time to interview with us last week.

C. After careful deliberation and thorough evaluation, we regret to inform you that we have decided to proceed with another candidate.

D. We were genuinely impressed by your qualifications and experience, and we will retain your resume for future opportunities that align better.

e. We wish you every success in your job search and hope our paths may cross again under different circumstances.

Warm regards,

GlobalTech Industries

A.  b-a-c-d-e                        B. b-c-a-d-e                        C. c-b-a-d-e                        D. a-b-c-d-e

Question 17. a. I had prepared thoroughly for weeks, yet when the moment arrived I suddenly got cold feet about speaking.

B. Last quarter, I was scheduled to present quarterly results to senior management at my internship company.

C. This nerve-wracking moment was transformative and taught me that courage means acting despite feeling afraid inside.

D. Unfortunately, my anxiety was visible throughout and I rushed through slides without making clear points to anyone.

e. Rather than avoiding presentations afterward, I joined a public speaking workshop to build my confidence systematically.

A.  a-b-d-e-c                        B. b-a-d-e-c                        C. b-a-d-c-e                        D. c-b-a-d-e

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

        The steam engine reshaped industry and transport during the Industrial Revolution. Early designs converted boiling water into mechanical motion, powering mills and pumps in mines. (18) _______. Improved models increased power and reliability, enabling factories to run larger machines and to locate away from rivers. Building railways followed, allowing goods and people to move faster and farther. (19) _______. New production methods raised output, yet working conditions often remained dangerous and exhausting. Inventors and engineers responded with safety valves and stronger materials. (20) _______. Local governments sometimes subsidised rail links to connect ports and raw-material sources. As metallurgy and machining advanced, engines became smaller and more efficient. (21) _______. Today, the steam engine’s legacy lives on in modern turbines and in the idea of harnessing heat to produce motion. (22) _______.

(Adapted from National Geographic, “The Industrial Revolution and Technology”)

Question 18. A. These technological innovations proved essential for extracting groundwater from deep mining operations and powering early textile machinery

B.  Such mechanical developments enabled both the drainage of flooded mines and the operation of manufacturing equipment across industrial regions

C.  These engineering advances allowed mining operations to extend deeper while simultaneously powering textile production in multiple locations

D.  Such inventions facilitated both the expansion of underground resource extraction and the mechanization of cloth manufacturing

Question 19. A. Only when investors provided capital for railway construction projects were manufacturing centers linked with markets and ports more effectively than previously

B.  Only initially did numerous factory owners resist mechanization because adoption required substantial investment and altered traditional labor practices

C.  Only after engineers encountered persistent difficulties laying track across diverse terrain did rail development stall repeatedly

D.  Only despite railway availability did many merchants prefer established river transport and horse-drawn vehicles for moving goods 

Question 20. A. For example, engineers enhanced boiler construction, thereby reducing explosion risks and improving safety for factory workers and mining personnel

B.  Similarly, technical specialists developed pressure-release mechanisms, thus preventing catastrophic failures in industrial steam applications

C.  Likewise, safety innovations included strengthened materials, consequently withstanding higher temperatures and operational pressures

D.  Correspondingly, designers implemented redundant systems, providing backup protection against mechanical failures during operation

Question 21. A. Smaller, more precise components manufactured in specialized workshops enabled builders to assemble engines with greater consistency and efficiency

B.  Increasingly refined parts produced in dedicated machine shops allowed manufacturers to construct more reliable engines systematically

C.  More accurate, miniaturized elements fabricated in technical facilities permitted engineers to build superior engines methodically

D.  Progressively sophisticated components created in industrial workshops helped producers develop more dependable engines routinely

Question 22. A. Consequently, principles derived from steam technology significantly influenced subsequent developments in combustion engines and electrical power generation

B.  Therefore, concepts originating from steam mechanics substantially shaped later innovations in internal combustion and electricity production

C.  Thus, ideas emerging from steam engineering considerably affected future advances in motorized transport and power generation

D.  Hence, theories developed through steam power notably impacted ongoing progress in mechanical propulsion and energy systems

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

        In many cities, temperatures run conspicuously higher than in nearby countryside because built surfaces absorb and store solar energy far more readily than fields or forests do. Rural landscapes are carpeted with vegetation that lifts water from soil, releasing vapor through transpiration – nature’s quiet air-conditioning – which cools leaves and the surrounding air. By contrast, dense districts with scant greenery present pavements and façades that soak up and retain heat long after sunset, so night offers little respite, and morning begins warmer than it might otherwise have been.

        Urban construction favors dark, light-absorbing materials – asphalt, brick, steel, and tinted glass – that convert light into heat; pale surfaces largely reflect it. To counter this, some cities now “lighten” streets and roofs with reflective coatings, while installing rooftop gardens that trade bare membranes for living canopies. These measures lower peak summer temperatures and, when scaled up, save substantial energy – Los Angeles estimates annual savings approaching $100 million from such heat-mitigation upgrades.

        Many modern surfaces are impervious, preventing water from percolating, evaporating, and carrying heat away. Permeable pavers and planted layers can restore cooling flows by admitting, holding, and slowly releasing rainfall. If builders replace sealed pavements with materials that let water pass, neighborhoods will stay measurably cooler during heat waves. In short, when a city invites water to move through it – as living soils do – it regains a thermal rhythm less dominated by noon sun and midnight stored heat.

        Urban heat islands are not merely uncomfortable; they can be dangerous. In summer, New York City averages about 7°F (4°C) warmer than its surroundings – enough to worsen dehydration, trigger heat exhaustion, and strain power grids as fans and air-conditioners surge, risking outages. Earth-observing satellites like Landsat and Suomi-NPP map vegetation and surface temperatures, helping scientists flag urban “hotspots.” With those global views, planners can target greening, reflective retrofits, and permeable designs to build cooler, safer, more energy-efficient cities.

(Adapted from NASA/JPL-Caltech, “What is an Urban Heat Island?”)

Question 23. Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 1?

A.  Rural vegetation warms air by suppressing transpiration.

B.  Urban areas cool faster at night due to wide streets.

C.  Cities remain warmer overnight because hard surfaces retain heat.

D.  Countryside soils absorb more sunlight than asphalt.

Question 24. The word retain in paragraph 1 can be best replaced by ______?

A.  discharge                B. conserve                        C. dissipate                        D. scatter

Question 25. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 as a cooling strategy?

A.  Applying reflective coatings to roofs and streets

B.  Installing rooftop gardens

C.  Planting subterranean cooling tunnels beneath avenues

D.  Replacing dark surfaces to reflect more sunlight

Question 26. The word they in paragraph 4 refers to ______.

A.  power grids                                        B. urban heat islands

C.  Earth-observing satellites                                D. surrounding rural areas

Question 27. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

A.  Replacing impervious surfaces with porous alternatives enables communities to maintain lower temperatures during periods of intense heat.

B.  Using permeable materials instead of sealed pavements allows neighborhoods to experience reduced thermal stress when heat waves occur.

C.  Substituting watertight pavements with water-permeable ones helps neighborhoods remain cooler when extreme heat arrives.

D.  When sealed surfaces are exchanged for water-absorbing materials, districts remain noticeably cooler throughout extreme heat events.

Question 28. The word impervious in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.

A.  porous                B. rigid                        C. opaque                        D. durable

Question 29. Which paragraph mentions satellite observations that help locate urban hotspots?

A.  Paragraph 1        B. Paragraph 2                C. Paragraph 3                D. Paragraph 4

Question 30. Which paragraph mentions “lightening” streets and rooftops with reflective surfaces?

A.  Paragraph 1        B. Paragraph 2                C. Paragraph 3                D. Paragraph 4

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

        As climate impacts outstrip what mitigation and adaptation can presently contain, governments have pivoted toward a third pillar: addressing loss and damage – the harms that remain after defenses fail. [I] Levies are being debated as pragmatic instruments to mobilise resources for communities living with irreversible losses, both economic and non-economic. They are conceived to complement, not supplant, emissions cuts and adaptive measures, foregrounding climate justice for the most vulnerable. The politics are fraught, yet recent United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) decisions recast support as cooperative facilitation rather than liability, opening space for credible, rules-based financing.

        Proposals span charges on international aviation and shipping, a tiny financial-transactions duty, and windfall taxes on fossil profits that would be hypothecated to a dedicated fund. Their salutary effect is to create a predictable, transnational revenue stream rather than sporadic charity. [II] Still, designs must avoid regressive burdens: border-adjusted formulas, polluter-pays logic, and carve-outs for essential mobility can cushion equity concerns while preserving incentives. Framed as cooperation, not culpability, levies can sit alongside insurance and humanitarian relief without pretending to monetise irreplaceable cultural or familial losses.

        Operationally, the fund countries launched at COP28 – hosted by the World Bank subject to strict conditions – must deliver quickly and fairly to those most exposed. Required safeguards include “firewalls” ensuring an independent board and secretariat, direct access for eligible countries, and universal eligibility under the Paris Agreement. Even if levies proliferate, they will not suffice unless governance ensures rapid, equitable disbursement. [III] In short, this mosaic of mechanisms – multilateral funds, the Santiago Network’s technical support, risk pools, concessional finance – only becomes credible when institutional plumbing turns pledges into payouts.

        Equally pivotal is narrative clarity. COP28 decisions reiterated that new funding arrangements for loss and damage are grounded in cooperation and facilitation and do not involve liability or compensation. [IV] That reassurance lowers diplomatic temperature while preserving a commitment to fairness: beneficiaries of carbon-intensive systems should help shoulder unavoidable harms. To honour non-economic losses – grief, identity, disrupted lifeways – levies are no panacea, yet they remain a tractable instrument within a just transition that refuses to abandon those already overrun.

(Adapted from weADAPT Knowledge Base, “What Is ‘Loss and Damage’ from climate change? 8 Key questions, answered”)

Question 31. The word salutary in paragraph 2 mostly means ______.

A.  marginally curative                                B. profoundly beneficial

C.  ostensibly punitive                                D. strikingly superficial

Question 32. Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

Such charges, when hypothecated, temper political resistance because payers see a clear social dividend.

A.  [I]                        B. [II]                                C. [III]                        D. [IV]

Question 33. Which of the following best summarises paragraph 1?

A.  As impacts exceed adaptation, levies join a new fund to finance unavoidable harms through cooperative, justice-oriented support rather than liability-based compensation.

B.  Levy proposals definitively replace mitigation and adaptation, which have failed and are no longer relevant to UNFCCC discussions.

C.  Countries agreed to impose equal charges everywhere to cover all losses immediately, economic and non-economic alike.

D.  The private sector volunteered to finance all post-disaster needs, making public instruments like funds or levies unnecessary.

Question 34. What do the proposed levies primarily seek to finance?

A.  after-the-fact support for impacted communities

B.  routine mitigation and adaptation subsidies

C.  export promotion for carbon-intensive sectors

D.  general budget deficits in rich countries

Question 35. According to paragraph 2, levies on aviation and shipping could, if earmarked, ______.

A.  reduce regressivity while maintaining credible incentives to curb carbon-intensive behaviour

B.  shift costs onto low-income travellers despite protective carve-outs and thresholds

C.  guarantee stable funding without any political controversy or administrative complexity

D.  replace humanitarian relief entirely by monetising non-economic cultural and familial losses

Question 36. What institutional safeguards are emphasised for the fund to work effectively?

A.  firewalls, direct access, and universal eligibility to accelerate fair, accountable disbursement on the ground

B.  outsourcing decisions to private insurers with minimal transparency and no oversight whatsoever

C.  restricting eligibility to World Bank members only to streamline administrative procedures globally

D.  abolishing the fund’s board to prevent duplication with existing multilateral climate vehicles

Question 37. The phrase this mosaic in paragraph 3 refers to ______.

A.  combined mechanisms                                B. liability waivers

C.  single fund                                                D. aid queues

Question 38. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A.  Because liability language is excluded, countries now prefer coercive reparations, making lawsuits the main vehicle for redress.

B.  Levies are part of a broader toolkit that, with institutional safeguards, helps convert pledges into timely support for communities confronting unavoidable harms.

C.  Humanitarian aid alone, if coordinated, can entirely obviate the need for a dedicated fund or new revenue instruments.

D.  The World Bank’s role eliminates the need for the Santiago Network, which becomes redundant once levies raise sufficient revenue.

Question 39. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

Even if levies proliferate, they will not suffice unless governance ensures rapid, equitable disbursement.

A.  Proliferating levies are insufficient unless governance guarantees fast, fair allocation so resources actually reach entitled communities at the right time.

B.  Once levies spread widely, governance becomes irrelevant because funds automatically flow equitably and swiftly without independent oversight or dedicated institutions.

C.  Governance can replace levies altogether by prioritizing transparency and speed, making revenue-raising measures unnecessary for loss-and-damage responses effectively.

D.  Levies, if set high enough, will always suffice; patient disbursement procedures are acceptable if accountability is preserved throughout processes.

Question 40. Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A.  Levies, embedded in a cooperative finance architecture, could fund loss and damage if paired with rigorous, equitable governance across complementary mechanisms.

B.  New taxes alone will resolve climate injustice by compensating every non-economic loss without administrative reform or multilateral coordination.

C.  Because legal liability remains unresolved, levies are politically impossible and absent from UNFCCC finance discussions.

D.  Humanitarian aid should replace reconstruction, relocation, and livelihood restoration because it scales predictably and permanently.