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Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 3...

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Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Dystoptimism

The future used to arrive with a promise. Now it often arrives with a warning. Heatwaves feel routine. Headlines blur together. New technologies reshape daily life before we even agree on the rules. Yet a curious mindset is spreading: people can face decline without freezing, and still keep building. [I] Researchers call this posture “dystoptimism.” The word blends dystopia’s dark realism with optimism’s forward-looking drive. It captures a growing worldview in which people worry about systems breaking down, yet still try to design human-centred ways to cope and rebuild. Rather than retreating into nostalgia or giving in to despair, dystoptimists treat disruption as a catalyst for change. They reject simple stories, pure doom or easy progress, and choose a harder middle ground, where scepticism lives alongside agency, and where naming real threats can strengthen the will to act. [II]

This sensibility is especially visible among younger cohorts, particularly Generation Z, who have grown up amid overlapping crises yet show strong adaptability in how they use technology. Nearly half of Gen Z respondents report a meaningful relationship with AI through synthetic companions, co-created stories, and algorithm-driven spaces that blur the line between the physical and the digital. The drift toward “hyperreality,” where online culture and offline life mix, can look like escapism. [III] But it can also be a practical response to fragmented social life. Belonging is pieced together across multiple channels: wellness retreats that promise personal change, “third places” that prioritise community over consumption, and online groups that offer identity and support. Dystoptimism therefore holds together impulses that can seem contradictory: wanting real connection while investing emotion in non-human tools; exploring alternate worlds while still confronting inequality through politically informed choices, including targeted boycotts.

For organisations, dystoptimism demands more than transactions. [IV] Trust is harder to earn in a world where misinformation spreads and institutions lose credibility. Brands are therefore pushed to act as steadier cultural anchors, especially when they deploy AI. That means avoiding inflated claims and building transparency into systems, rather than adding it later as marketing. In an environment shaped by data collection and opaque algorithms, humility can signal responsibility. Dystoptimistic consumers respond to actors who admit uncertainty, show their workings, and offer realistic ways forward. Loyalty follows only when values and behaviour match over time.

[Adapted from https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/selling-to-a-dystoptimistic-generation-vmls-the-future-100-2026-lays-out-a-new-brief-for-brands-302672619.html]

Question 31: Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?         

Sometimes it is.

A. [I]         B. [II]         C. [III]         D. [IV]

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