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Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 2...

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Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

The Quiet Influence

The life stories that stay with us longest are rarely the ones told from a stage. They belong to people who never intended to inspire anyone, such as a grandmother who rebuilt her life after loss without complaint, a neighbor who gave generously without seeking recognition, or a colleague who handled failure with quiet dignity. These figures left no motivational speeches, published no memoirs. Yet the impression they created shaped the choices of those who simply watched them live.

Psychologists describe this phenomenon through the lens of observational learning, a concept developed by Albert Bandura, whose foundational research demonstrated that human behavior is transmitted not only through direct instruction but through witnessing others in action. Witnessing a prosocial model in person leads to an increase in the future prosocial behavior of the observer; and critically, this effect does not require the model to be aware of their influence at all. The person being observed need not perform, explain, or intend anything. Their impact travels silently, carried by the attention of others.

What makes inadvertent role models particularly powerful is their authenticity. Unlike public figures who curate their image deliberately, quiet inspirers are observed in unguarded moments, such as how they respond to hardship, how they treat people with no social status, and how they carry themselves when no reward is visible. Role models show us that a goal is attainable; they are representations of the possible. When someone we know personally demonstrates that a certain way of living is real and achievable, it carries far more motivational weight than any abstract ideal.

This matters because admiration, in its most transformative form, is not a reaction to greatness; it is a recognition of integrity witnessed up close. The lives we genuinely admire are often not the most exceptional, but the most honest. They do not ask to be followed. They simply live in a way that makes others want to be better, without ever knowing they have done so.

[Adapted from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-ss-151-1/chapter/observational-learning-modeling/]

Question 23: The word “they” in paragraph 1 refers to __________.

A. motivational speeches        B. published memoirs        C. life stories        D. those who watched

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