Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 2...

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 20 to 29.

        Right to Repair affirms that if you bought a device, you should be free to fix it – yourself or wherever you choose. Many manufacturers corral repairs into proprietary channels, imposing restrictive regimes that gatekeep diagnostics and parts. [I] This consolidation creates a monopoly on repair, letting companies name their price, dictate turnaround, and decline “uneconomical” fixes, with predictable fallout: gadgets are discarded prematurely. Legally and ethically, critics argue, such lock-ins externalize waste while eroding consumer autonomy and local repair economies.

        Legislative proposals seek to redress that asymmetry by requiring manufacturers to supply repair documentation, parts, and tools to consumers and independent shops. By mandating open access to manuals, parts, and tools, lawmakers aim to puncture manufacturers’ repair monopolies rather than micromanage how people repair. The practical effect would be to normalize community repair and allow informed DIY. [II] Opponents warn about safety and intellectual property; supporters counter that transparency, not secrecy, is the credible route to safe, affordable, environmentally prudent maintenance.

        Since 2003, iFixit has agitated for repair-friendly design and policy. Early on, industry largely ignored these calls; persistence turned iFixit into a repair authority that publishes teardowns, assigns repairability scores, and publicly calls out unfixable designs. In 2014, the group helped craft the first-ever electronics Right to Repair bill. [III] Subsequent campaigns have supported legislation in forty-six U.S. states and in the European Union, building a transatlantic coalition that reframes repair as infrastructure, not niche hobby.

        Advocacy has been concrete as well as conceptual: iFixit publicly urged New York Governor Kathy Hochul to sign a state repair bill via a billboard along her commute. It even drove a tractor to the Colorado legislature to celebrate the first agricultural repair law’s passage. The group co-sponsored California’s bill, which cleared the State Senate in June 2023. [IV] In Europe, iFixit has been a founding member of coalitions such as Repair.eu and Runder Tisch Reparatur, sustaining momentum.

(Adapted from https://www.ifixit.com/right-to-repair-action)

Question 20. According to paragraph 1, the manufacturers’ repair monopoly allows them to ______.

A. set high prices and refuse fixes, hastening devices’ needless disposal

B. standardize community repair, reducing e-waste through shared service manuals

C. expand consumer choice by licensing any shop without rigorous oversight

D. subsidize neighborhood workshops to ensure equitable access to routine maintenance