Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

STORMGUARD: Your Ultimate Weather Protection App

⮚        Recent devastating typhoons demonstrate the urgent need for advanced weather monitoring systems. The increasingly (1)_________ storms hitting Southeast Asia have caused unprecedented damage, particularly affecting vulnerable communities.

⮚        StormGuard, (2)_________ provides real-time alerts and evacuation guidance, ensures your family's safety during extreme weather events. Our cutting-edge technology monitors atmospheric conditions (3)_________ sparsely populated mountain regions where landslides pose (4)_________ risks.

⮚        When dangerous weather approaches, StormGuard helps you (5)_________ emergency situations with personalized evacuation routes and shelter locations. A (6)_________ of features, including offline maps, emergency contacts, and multilingual support, make StormGuard indispensable.

❖        Download StormGuard today—because when nature strikes, every second counts. Protect your loved ones with technology that saves lives.

https://apnews.com/lk

Question 1:A. destruction
B.  destroy
C.  destructively
D.  destructive

Question 2:A. that
B.  whom
C.  whose
D.  which

Question 3:A. have affected
B.  which affected
C.  affecting
D.  was affected

Question 4:A. grave 
B.  acute
C.  dense
D.  swift

Question 5:A. cope with
B.  prepare for
C.  respond to
D.  deal with

Question 6:A. variety 
B.  number
C.  range
D.  amount

Read of the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

JOIN THE MOVEMENT: Gen Z Rising for Change

⮚        Generation Z stands at the forefront (7)_________ global transformation, challenging outdated systems with unprecedented determination. (8)_________ traditional institutions struggle to maintain relevance, young activists are reshaping political landscapes worldwide.

⮚        Radical social movements led by Gen Z are gaining momentum across 30 countries. These passionate advocates reject unfair economic structures, while (9)_________ remain passive observers. Their (10)_________ increasingly include digital campaigns, artistic expression, and community-based grassroots organizing.

⮚        (11)_________ and consumer activism represent powerful tools in their arsenal, targeting corporations that ignore social responsibility. This generation's unwavering demand for (12)_________ forces leaders to confront systemic inequalities and climate inaction.

⮚        Unlike previous generations, Gen Z values authenticity and transparency above traditional authority. Join this historic uprising. Support youth-led initiatives. Together, we can build the inclusive, sustainable world Gen Z envisions.

https://globescan.com/lk

Question 7:A. of
B.  for
C.  about
D.  to

Question 8:A. Because
B.  While
C.  Whereas
D.  Moreover

Question 9:A. others
B.  the others
C.  another
D.  other

Question 10:A. resistance strategies innovative
B.  innovative strategies resistance 

C.  innovative resistance strategies
D.  strategies resistance innovative 

Question 11:A. Campaigns
B.  Petitions
C.  Sanctions
D.  Boycotts

Question 12:A. transparency
B.  justice
C.  accountability 
D.  change

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

Question 13:

A.         Sam: That's 5 for basic truth and 20 for premium truth with sources!

B.         Alex: Hey, how much for one fact about climate change?

C.         Alex: What's the difference? Truth is truth, right?

A.  b-c-a
B.  a-b-c
C.  b-a-c
D.  a-c-b

Question 14:

A.         Emma: We can build houses somewhere else because these forest pieces are important for birds and other wildlife.

B.         Emma: That's a great idea, and we should also plant new trees while we protect the old forest areas.

C.         Jake: I know it's sad, but we need houses for people who are moving here from other cities.

D.         Emma: The forest near our town is getting smaller, and many animals are losing their homes.

e.        Jake: Maybe we can keep some trees when we build new neighborhoods, so animals still have places to live.

A.  a-e-d-c-b
B.  d-e-a-b-c
C.  e-b-c-d-a
D.  d-c-a-e-b

Question 15:

Dear arah,

A.         If you want to be indispensable, you must learn how to share your knowledge effectively with others.

B.         I hope that you understand why good skills alone are not enough for true success.

C.         The reason that some people advance faster is that they communicate their expertise very well.

D.         Remember that being excellent and being influential together make you truly irreplaceable.

e.        When you can influence others with your ideas, you become much more valuable at work.

Best wishes,

LK

A.  a-e-d-c-b
B.  b-e-a-c-d
C.  c-a-b-e-d
D.  e-c-b-a-d

Question 16:

A.         When people share wildlife photos on social media, they help others learn about animals that need protection.

B.         Although technology helps us connect with wildlife supporters everywhere, the most important thing is that we actually protect animals in their natural homes.

C.         If we post videos of endangered animals online, we can make people care more about saving these beautiful creatures.

D.         Social media campaigns work well, but we must also take real action while we spread awareness through our phones.

e.        Many organizations use websites and apps because digital tools can reach millions of people around the world quickly.

A.  a-e-c-d-b
B.  c-d-e-a-b
C.  d-a-e-c-b
D.  c-a-d-e-b

Question 17:

A.         When unexpected changes happen in your job, you can learn new skills that make you more valuable than before.

B.         Although uncertain times feel scary, they create chances for people who embrace change and grow from every challenge they encounter.

C.         Smart professionals adapt quickly to new situations, and they also help their colleagues learn how to handle change effectively.

D.         While resilient people recover from problems, antifragile workers actually become stronger when they face difficult challenges at work.

e.        If you develop many different abilities, you will have more opportunities because companies need people who can do various tasks.

A.  d-b-e-c-a
B.  d-c-a-e-b
C.  d-e-b-a-c
D.  d-a-e-c-b

Read the following passage about Climate Justice and Island Nations' Survival at COP30 and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

The unprecedented climate summit in Belém has crystallized a stark reality: (18)_________. Representatives from vulnerable archipelagos articulated their desperation with unprecedented candor, emphasizing that temperature thresholds constitute survival parameters rather than abstract scientific benchmarks. Should global temperatures breach the 1.5°C threshold, catastrophic consequences would inevitably ensue for low-lying territories. Hurricane Melissa's devastating impact on Jamaica exemplified these escalating perils; the unprecedented meteorological phenomenon obliterated centuries-old ecclesiastical structures while generating economic devastation equivalent to approximately one-third of the national GDP.

(19)_________, which reflects profound moral imperatives. Toiata Apelu-Uili's journey from Samoa symbolized collective resilience among Pacific populations whose ancestral homelands face submersion beneath rising oceanic levels. The increasingly frequent extreme weather events demonstrate irrefutable evidence of anthropogenic climate modification; these phenomena threaten cultural heritage alongside contemporary infrastructure. According to scientific projections, irreversible glacial melting processes will be triggered, and sea-level elevation rates (20)_________.

António Guterres characterized inadequate climate action as constituting moral negligence, highlighting governmental accountability regarding vulnerable populations. If island nations, (21)_________, prioritize survival over economic considerations, this fundamental shift reframes international climate discourse entirely. Contemporary environmental challenges demand immediate mitigation strategies rather than protracted deliberations. For these geographically isolated communities, climate adaptation represents neither negotiable policy options nor theoretical frameworks (22)_________.

https://www.theguardian.com/lk

Question 18:

A.  despite industrial corporations establishing comprehensive manufacturing infrastructure across numerous global business sectors

B.  while healthcare professionals implement innovative treatment procedures throughout various metropolitan hospital systems

C.  major educational institutions experience significant academic challenges but require sustainable funding mechanisms

D.  small island developing states confront existential threats that transcend conventional diplomatic negotiations

Question 19:

A.  What particularly resonates with international observers is the unwavering determination of AOSIS representatives

B.  What medical professionals constantly emphasizing during healthcare conferences the comprehensive training programs for specialists

C.  That educational institutions implementing innovative teaching methods becomes increasingly important throughout modern academic systems

D.  How technological companies developing sustainable manufacturing processes which contributing significantly to environmental protection initiatives

Question 20:

A.  can rapidly enhance whom vast populations experiencing severe drought conditions face

B.  will be subsequently accelerated by the surpassing of critical temperature limits

C.  must have strengthened which industrial nations reducing economic productivity significantly achieve

D.  could have diminished having strongly impacted coastal regions through agricultural expansion

Question 21:

A.  which face the most immediate existential threats from rising seas

B.  had experienced significant economic challenges during recent financial market fluctuations

C.  develop innovative healthcare strategies within major metropolitan hospital systems nationwide

D.  which has been implementing advanced technological solutions throughout various manufacturing sectors

Question 22:

A.  however personal financial difficulties creating massive social problems among working families

B.  but urgent existential necessities requiring unprecedented international cooperation and commitment

C.  despite economic reforms generating substantial political tensions within developing nations

D.  while technological advances producing significant environmental changes throughout modern societies

Read the following passage about Innovation Meets Geopolitical Rivalry and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

The 2025 Web Summit in Lisbon, frequently dubbed "Davos for geeks," attracted over 70,000 participants, including 2,500 startups and 1,000 investors from diverse international markets and emerging economies. This prestigious gathering showcased cutting-edge advancements in artificial intelligence, robotics, and autonomous vehicle technology. However, underlying tensions surrounding technological sovereignty, trade disputes, and semiconductor supply chain vulnerabilities significantly overshadowed the innovation displays throughout the comprehensive four-day conference schedule.

Artificial intelligence and chip competition dominated proceedings among global technology corporations. U.S. manufacturer Qualcomm unveiled revolutionary processors designed to challenge industry giants Nvidia and AMD, whose premium semiconductors face stringent export restrictions to China. Distinguished speakers, including Microsoft President Brad Smith and Squirrel AI co-founder Joleen Liang, explored how generative algorithms are revolutionizing educational methodologies and industrial applications across multiple sectors. Sports technology witnessed remarkable growth, with nearly thirty percent of early-2025 investments targeting AI-driven athletic performance enhancement and health monitoring systems.

Robotics and self-driving technologies captured substantial attention from venture capital firms worldwide. Major corporations like Amazon Robotics, Boston Dynamics, Uber, Lyft, and Waymo presented their ambitious strategies for robotaxis and automated transportation solutions. Uber announced a groundbreaking collaboration with Nvidia to integrate automation systems across thousands of vehicles by 2027, demonstrating the accelerating convergence of mobility and artificial intelligence in urban transportation networks.

European technological independence emerged as a critical concern among policymakers and industry leaders. EU digital commissioner Henna Virkkunen emphasized Europe's excessive reliance on American data-center "hyperscalers," while Maya Noel from France Digitale advocated for substantial investment in European alternatives to maintain economic autonomy. Simultaneously, platforms like Roblox introduced enhanced age verification protocols amid increasing regulatory pressure from Brussels to safeguard young users. Ultimately, while technological innovations captivated audiences, the summit revealed deeper geopolitical struggles over data governance, market control, and strategic technological self-sufficiency across continental boundaries.

https://techxplore.com/lk

Question 23: Which of the following was NOT mentioned at the 2025 Web Summit?

A.  AI processors by Qualcomm

B.  Quantum computing breakthroughs

C.  Robotaxis development plans

D.  Age verification systems

Question 24: The word “dubbed” in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

A.  acclaimed                                B. undesignated                        C. renowned                                        D. distinguished

Question 25: The word “stringent” in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by _________.

A.  lenient                                        B. flexible                                C. rigorous                                        D. permissive

Question 26: The word “their” in paragraph 3 refers to _________.

A. venture capital firms worldwide

B.  policymakers and industry leaders

C.  technology corporations globally

D.  Major corporations like Amazon Robotics, Boston Dynamics, Uber, Lyft, and Waymo

Question 27: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A.  At the same time, platforms like Roblox implemented better age verification due to growing EU pressure to protect young users.

B.  As a result, companies such as Roblox established new verification systems following European demands for improved online safety measures.

C.  Meanwhile, digital platforms like Roblox developed advanced verification procedures as EU authorities increased content regulation for minors.

D.  Therefore, online services, including Roblox, adopted new-age confirmation technologies while European legislators strengthened youth monitoring policies.

Question 28: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.  Qualcomm collaborated with Nvidia to develop revolutionary processors that will challenge AMD's dominance in the semiconductor market by 2027.

B.  Nearly forty percent of early-2025 investments were directed toward AI-driven athletic performance enhancement and health monitoring systems.

C.  Uber announced a partnership with Nvidia to integrate automation systems across thousands of vehicles by 2027.

D.  EU digital commissioner Maya Noel emphasized Europe's excessive reliance on American data-center hyperscalers and advocated for European alternatives.

Question 29: In which paragraph does the writer mention what percentage of sports-tech investment is targeted at AI?

A.  Paragraph 2                                B. Paragraph 1                                C. Paragraph 4                                D. Paragraph 3

Question 30: In which paragraph does the writer mention who advocated for European technological alternatives?

A.  Paragraph 1                                B. Paragraph 2                                C. Paragraph 4                                D. Paragraph 3

Read the following passage about the Climate Change Concerns Across Middle-Income Nations and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

A comprehensive survey conducted by the Pew Research Center in early 2025 examined climate change perceptions across nine middle-income nations, including Argentina, Brazil, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Mexico, Nigeria, South Africa, and Turkey. [I] The findings reveal widespread anxiety about environmental transformations affecting local communities. When researchers needed data that would accurately represent developing economies' perspectives on global warming, these particular countries seemed to fit the bill perfectly. Remarkably, 74% of surveyed adults confirmed that climate change impacts their immediate surroundings to some degree. This vulnerability assessment demonstrates how anthropogenic factors increasingly threaten regional stability and economic prosperity.

[II] In Brazil and Indonesia, overwhelming majorities—exceeding 90%—anticipate experiencing direct harm from environmental changes during their lifetimes. Such overwhelming consensus reflects genuine concerns about immediate climate risks. This stark reality underscores the immediacy of climate concerns in vulnerable regions where adaptive infrastructure remains limited. The data suggest diminishing adaptive capacity among populations facing escalating environmental pressures and insufficient governmental mitigation strategies.

Water-related catastrophes dominate public fears across all surveyed territories. Approximately 47% of respondents identified droughts and water shortages as their primary environmental worry, significantly surpassing concerns about heat waves, flooding, or rising sea levels. These preferences reflect practical realities in regions where agricultural livelihoods and freshwater access remain precarious. Altered precipitation patterns and ecosystem degradation continue to threaten food security and sustainable development goals across these vulnerable populations. [III] 

Despite mounting anxieties, optimism persists regarding collective action potential. An encouraging 80% of participants expressed willingness to modify their daily routines and professional practices to mitigate climate effects. However, confidence in international cooperation varies considerably, with 62% believing global collaboration can substantially reduce environmental degradation. They recognize that individual efforts alone cannot address systemic challenges requiring coordinated governmental and corporate responses. [IV] The survey ultimately highlights both the urgency felt by citizens in developing nations and their readiness to contribute toward meaningful solutions through enhanced environmental governance and reduced carbon footprints.

https://www.pewresearch.org/lk

Question 31: The phrase “fit the bill” in paragraph 1 has the closest meaning to _________.

A.  work out                                        B. live up to                                        C. turn out                                        D. come up with

Question 32: All of the following concerns were mentioned in the survey EXCEPT _________.

A.  Heat waves                                B. Droughts                                        C. Rising sea levels                        D. Air pollution

Question 33: Where in the paragraph does the following sentence best fit?

The personal dimension of climate threats emerged as particularly striking throughout the investigation.

A. [I]
B. [II]
C. [III]
D. [IV]

Question 34: The word “their” in paragraph 2 refers to _________.

A.  Brazil and Indonesia

B.  environmental changes

C.  overwhelming majorities

D.  researchers

Question 35: The word “precarious” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

A.  volatile                                        B. peripheral                                        C. arbitrary                                        D. robust

Question 36: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?

A.  Water disasters dominate environmental fears, with droughts being the top concern above other climate threats in agricultural regions.

B.  Multiple climate threats, including flooding, heat waves, and droughts, create equal concerns for agricultural sustainability across surveyed territories.

C.  Environmental anxieties vary significantly, with water access and extreme weather creating similar challenges for regional development goals.

D.  Climate degradation affects food security through interconnected factors, with ecosystem changes threatening sustainable agricultural practices.

Question 37: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A.  Trust in worldwide cooperation differs significantly, though 62% doubt that international partnerships can effectively address climate-related environmental problems.

B.  Belief in global cooperation fluctuates widely, yet 62% think international collaboration can effectively combat environmental deterioration.

C.  Faith in international partnerships remains constant, with 62% convinced that global efforts will completely eliminate environmental challenges.

D.  Confidence in global collaboration stays uniform, while 62% believe individual actions can significantly reduce worldwide environmental damage.

Question 38: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.  Heat waves and flooding concerns significantly exceeded water-related disaster fears among surveyed populations.

B.  Less than half of the respondents expressed confidence that international cooperation can effectively reduce environmental issues.

C.  Brazil and Indonesia showed moderate climate anxiety, with fewer than 80% expecting direct environmental harm.

D.  Most participants demonstrated willingness to change personal behaviors while recognizing that individual efforts cannot solve systemic problems.

Question 39: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A.  Middle-income nations lack adequate resources and infrastructure to effectively address escalating climate impacts.

B.  Developed countries show significantly higher confidence in international cooperation than surveyed developing nations.

C.  Water shortages affect coastal regions more severely than inland areas across surveyed territories.

D.  Individual behavioral changes prove more effective than governmental policies in reducing environmental degradation.

Question 40: Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A.  Nine developing nations show varying climate perceptions, with Brazil and Indonesia displaying highest anxiety levels about environmental impacts.

B.  A 2025 study reveals widespread climate anxiety dominated by water fears, yet shows citizen optimism and willingness to act personally.

C.  Climate change creates overwhelming fear in developing nations facing inadequate infrastructure and insufficient governmental mitigation responses.

D.  International cooperation emerges as the preferred solution while individual behavioral changes demonstrate significant potential for reducing climate impacts.