Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

MICROSOFT COPILOT: REDEFINING INTELLIGENT PRODUCTIVITY IN WINDOWS

Microsoft's newly enhanced Copilot for Windows represents a major breakthrough (1) ______ intelligent productivity. Far from being merely a conversational assistant, Copilot has evolved into a multifunctional workspace that efficiently integrates users’ ideas, data, and everyday tasks. Through this update, individuals can now generate Word documents, Excel spreadsheets, PowerPoint presentations, and PDF files directly within the chat interface, effortlessly (2) ______ raw notes or fragmented concepts into well-organized, editable, and shareable materials.

Moreover, the integration reaches beyond document generation. Copilot can now connect (3) ______ both Outlook and Gmail, intelligently retrieving data from emails and contact lists. For instance, users can request it to (4) ______ invoices issued by a particular company or display a contact’s recent correspondence. Through the Connectors section, users are able to link multiple platforms such as Outlook, Gmail, OneDrive, Google Calendar, and Google Contacts, thereby ensuring seamless synchronization across different systems. Importantly, this connectivity remains strictly opt-in, (5) ______ users’ privacy and maintaining full control over personal data.

Ultimately, Microsoft Copilot transforms Windows into far more than an operating system. It becomes a (6) ______ AI partner that not only supports but also amplifies human creativity, turning abstract ideas into concrete outcomes with remarkable speed, coherence, and precision.

(Adapted from https://www.theverge.com/)

Question 1:
A. in the face of B. in the light of

C. in the realm of D. in the prime of

Question 2:
A. transferring B. transporting C. transmitting D. transforming

Question 3:
A. by B. at C. with D. to

Question 4:
A. turn up B. look up C. set up D. bring up

Question 5:
A. preserved B. preserves C. preserving D. has preserved

Question 6:
A. collaborative B. collaboration C. collaboratively D. collaborator

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

UNVEIL THE TIMELESS WONDERS OF EGYPT AT THE GRAND EGYPTIAN MUSEUM

The Grand Egyptian Museum, the world’s largest museum devoted to a single civilization, is strategically located beside the iconic Pyramids of Giza, showcasing the extraordinary legacy of ancient Egypt in unparalleled grandeur.

Why visit the Grand Egyptian Museum?

•  Vast Exhibition Space: Nearly 872,000 square feet of meticulously curated galleries (7) ______ tens of thousands of artefacts are presented. 

• Tutankhamun’s Treasures: Witness the complete 5,000-piece collection of Tutankhamun’s golden artefacts for the first time since 1922 with chariots, weapons and (8) ______ ritual furniture. 

• Twelve Thematic Galleries: Lift the (9) ______ on Egypt’s history in both chronological order and thematic display, from the dawn of civilization to the pharaohs’ reign and (10) ______ a colossal statue of Ramses II together with state-of-the-art conservation labs. 

•  Architectural Splendor: Ascend a monumental staircase adorned with statues and sculptures, leading to panoramic vistas of the Pyramids through floor-to-ceiling windows. 

•  Cultural Immersion: Experience a perfect fusion of ancient heritage and (11) ______, offering insights into Egypt’s enduring legacy. 

•  Seasonal Advantage: Open during Egypt’s cooler months, when tourism peaks and the pleasant weather enhances your exploration. 

Seize the moment and plan your journey now! The Grand Egyptian Museum is not merely an attraction (12) ______ a wondrous space where you can immerse yourself in a magnificent chapter of history!

(Adapted from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/)

Question 7:  A. which B. where C. when D. who

Question 8:  A. other B. others C. another D. the other

Question 9:  A. cloth B. drape C. shroud D. veil

Question 10:  A. bewilder B. bestow C. beguile D. behold

Question 11: A. museum modern design B. design museum modern
C. modern design museum D. modern museum design

Question 12: A. or B. and C. but D. for

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

Question 13:

A. Daisy: That sounds perfect. Could you send me the details and premium rates, please?
b. Daisy: I’d like to know if your insurance service works for accidents overseas.
c. Mark: Of course! Our policy covers all medical and travel-related emergencies abroad.

A. a - b – c B. c - a – b C. b - c – a D. a - c – b

Question 14:

A. Anna: Lifelong learning can take many forms. I’ve recently joined an online course in digital marketing to keep updated and broaden my perspective.

B. Mitchell: That’s a great choice. I often reflect on my experiences and try to learn from my mistakes.
c. Anna: I believe lifelong learning is the key to personal and professional growth.

D. Anna: That’s a great mindset, Mitchell.

e. Mitchell: Absolutely! In today’s world, knowledge becomes outdated so quickly that it’s essential to stay informed. What do you do to keep learning throughout your life?

A. d - e - a - b – c B. c - e - a - b – d C. a - b - c - e – d D. c - b - a - e – d

Question 15:

Dear Professor William,

A. Additionally, could you please specify whether any particular sources, references, or sections are required?
b. While I understand the general topic, I would appreciate it if you could provide more specific guidance on the expected structure and content requirements.

C. I am also unsure about the submission procedure. Should we submit the essay through the university’s online platform or directly via email?

D. I hope this message finds you well. I am writing to seek clarification regarding the essay assignment for our class.
e. First, I would like to confirm the preferred format, such as the font style, size, and spacing, as well as the maximum word count for the essay.

Thank you very much for your time and guidance,
Best regards.

A. d - b - e - a – c B. d - e - b - c – a C. d - e - a - b – c D. d - b - a - c – e

Question 16:

A. Urban green spaces support valuable functions and provide many ecosystem services, offsetting the negative environmental effects of urbanization while providing benefits to human well-being.

B. Globally, urban areas are expanding and undergoing rapid development, with 65% of the world’s population expected to be urban by the year 2025.

C. This situation reduces the quality of life of urban dwellers and necessitates a stronger structure of urban policy from the government.

D. However, rapid urban expansion profoundly transforms green space structure and causes degradation in connectivity, biodiversity, and ecosystem function.

e. In Southeast Asia, the rapid expansion of three countries was considered, namely, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines, resulting in a significant decline of green spaces.

A. b - e - a - d – c B. b - d - a - e – c C. a - e - c - b – d D. e - a - d - b – c

Question 17:

A. I believe joining the English Speaking Club has greatly challenged me and reshaped the way I express myself in English simultaneously.

B. This very first participation, however, truly transformed my perspective; it turned out to be a welcoming and non-judgmental space where people could share and interact with others.

C. This occasion has made me overcome my fear and discover a new passion that I am determined to devote more time to.

D. I used to repeatedly avoid attending the English Speaking Club due to a deep sense of inadequacy, convinced that my abilities fell short of the required standard.

e. Speaking English was such a nightmare for me, as I have always struggled to articulate my genuine thoughts with clarity and confidence.

A. e - d - b - a – c B. e - c - a - d – b C. a - e - d - b – c D. a - d - c - e – b

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Friendship is often perceived as an effortless and intuitive bond, (18) ______. Traditionally, researchers have approached friendship through the social exchange framework which conceptualizes relationships as transactional systems of reciprocal benefit. Within this theoretical approach, individuals are thought to sustain bonds only insofar as the anticipated benefits exceed the costs or at least (19) ______. However, such a utilitarian lens neglects the emotional depth and moral dimensions that define authentic human connection.

Recent scholarship advocates for a paradigm shift toward the risk-pooling model (20) ______. Anthropological evidence from societies such as the Maasai of East Africa, who form lifelong osotua partnerships, and ranching communities in the American Southwest demonstrates that people often assist friends during unpredictable hardships without expectation of repayment. (21) ______.

Empirical findings further suggest that traits such as loyalty, dependability, and emotional presence outweigh transactional fairness in determining the perceived quality of friendship. (22) ________. In an increasingly uncertain world, cultivating such emotionally committed and risk-pooling relationships may not only enhance psychological well-being but also fortify collective resilience, echoing the cooperative strategies that once ensured our species’ survival.

(Adapted from https://theconversation.com)

Question 18:
A. but uncovers the intricate interplay of emotional, cognitive, and ethical dimensions within it.
B. yet rigorous psychological investigation reveals its emotional, cognitive, and moral complexity.
C. and careful psychological analysis uncovers its sentimental, mental, and normative intricacy.
D. so meticulous psychological investigation discloses its emotional, reasoning, and ethical depth.

Question 19:
A. offsetting sentimental and financial commitments.
B. be offset by affective and tangible contributions.
C. offset their emotional and material investments.
D. sentimental and physical resources devoted are offset.

Question 20:

A. viewing friendship not as a calculated exchange of benefits but as a robust framework of shared trust and emotional sustenance.

B. perceiving transactional record of exchanges not as an enduring system grounded in reciprocal trust and solidarity but as a mere friendship.

C. conceptualizing friendship through the lens of transactional reciprocity and a stable structure sustained by interdependent trust and compassion.

D. interpreting mutual faith and altruistic support as the characteristics of friendship, not as the notion of measured exchange.

Question 21:

A. These individuals manage to confront hardships without relying on social alliances, formal structure, or even informal systems of social insurance.

B. Informal social insurance systems rely on these alliances to protect and support individuals to compete with formal mechanisms that often entail greater risks.

C. In moments of crisis, such alliances are compelled to act like informal social insurance networks, safeguarding individuals from the systemic failures of formal mechanisms.

D. These alliances function as informal social insurance systems, sustaining individuals through crises where formal structures might fail.

Question 22:

A. Moreover, the true worth of friendship is reflected more in the capacity for compassionate altruism and uncalculated generosity than in the notion of balanced exchange.

B. As a result, friendship’s true value lies less in balanced exchange and more in the capacity for compassionate reciprocity marked by an uncalculated willingness to offer.

C. In other words, the true value of friendship must strike a balance between mutual exchange and the capacity for compassionate, uncalculated altruism.

D. The true value of friendship, by contrast, resides in the capacity for compassionate and uncalculated altruism rather than in the mere exchange of benefits.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Our cities, pulsating with relentless energy and constant development, are often seen as antithetical to nature. Yet, for millions, the sliver of green in a local park, the lone tree pushing through pavement, or the surprising resilience of a few hardy birds are their only daily connection to the natural world. This relentless march of urbanization, while necessary for growth, often comes at a steep price: the quiet erosion of urban green spaces and the subtle but profound impact on both the environment and human well-being.

The incessant expansion of the concrete jungle continues unabated. Old gardens make way for apartment blocks, forgotten corners become parking lots, and even small patches of woodland are cleared for infrastructure. What often goes unnoticed is not just the physical loss of trees or grass, but the disappearance of vital ecological functions. These urban green lungs regulate temperatures, absorb rainwater, filter pollutants, and provide crucial habitat for a surprising array of wildlife – from insects vital for local ecosystems to migrating birds seeking refuge. Their removal intensifies urban heat island effects, exacerbates flood risks, and diminishes air quality, making cities less livable.

Beyond the environmental metrics, the human cost is equally significant. Access to green spaces is increasingly recognized as fundamental for mental and physical health. A walk in a park can reduce stress, improve mood, and even boost cognitive function. Children who are deprived of natural play areas miss out on critical developmental experiences. For vulnerable communities, who often have the least access to quality green spaces, this urban ecological deficit deepens existing inequalities, creating healthier environments for some while others are left in concrete deserts.

Reimagining our cities to embrace rather than eradicate nature is no longer a mere aesthetic choice; it’s an urgent necessity for resilience and well-being. Integrating green roofs, vertical gardens, community allotments, and accessible parks into urban planning isn’t just about beautification. It’s about building smarter, healthier, and more sustainable cities that recognize the intrinsic value of nature, not as an optional extra, but as an essential component of a thriving modern metropolis. The fight for conservation, in many ways, is now playing out on the very streets we inhabit.

(Adapted from WordPress.com)

Question 23: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as an ecological function of urban green spaces?
A. Regulating local temperatures B. Providing habitat for wildlife
C. Improving soil fertility for agriculture D. Filtering air pollutants

Question 24: The word unabated in paragraph 2 can be best replaced by ________.
A. undiminished B. accelerating C. worsening D. unplanned

Question 25: The word Their in paragraph 2 refers to ________.
A. Urban green lungs B. Local ecosystems C. Insects D. Pollutants

Question 26: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

A. Kids without access to nature-based play zones consequently struggle to grab the opportunities for their growth.

B. When children are cut off from natural play environments, crucial developmental experiences will be missed.

C. Having limited access to natural areas for playing means teenagers forfeit significant experiences for their development.

D. A loss of key developmental experiences is the direct result for children who are prohibited from playing in nature.

Question 27: The word intrinsic in paragraph 4 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ________.
A. unavailable B. deficient C. acquired D. inherent

Question 28: Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 4?
A. The contemporary movement for conservation is increasingly taking place within urbanized settings.
B. Incorporating natural elements is a strategy intended to supplement existing urban planning models.
C. The chief value of nature in cities is its functional capacity to improve resilience and sustainability.
D. The process of making cities smarter leads directly to them becoming healthier and more sustainable.

Question 29: Which paragraph mentions the socio-economic disparity in access to nature?
A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 4 D. Paragraph 3

Question 30: Which paragraph mentions the role of green spaces in mitigating climate-related urban hazards?
A. Paragraph 2 B. Paragraph 1 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

An image shared on social media depicts not a scene from the past, but a contemporary gathering in the metaverse: avatars holding cigarettes, smoke curling upwards in a virtual bar. This scene epitomizes an emergent and disquieting marketing frontier where tobacco and vape companies are infiltrating virtual spaces to target young people, operating with impunity beyond the reach of conventional regulation. [I] Health advocates warn this development poses a formidable new challenge to global public health.

A recent report by the public health organization Vital Strategies, presented at the World Conference on Tobacco Control, uncovered numerous instances of this strategy. Researchers found tobacco corporations launching digital assets and vape companies sponsoring online games. For example, content linked to one of Indonesia’s largest cigarette firms portrayed metaverse gatherings where avatars casually searched for lighters and smoked together, a tactic engineered to normalize the behavior in a social context. [II] These promotions are particularly insidious given that over half of the metaverse's active users are 13 years old or younger.

Experts express profound concern over the convergence of Big Tech's expertise in driving user engagement with the tobacco industry's long history of cultivating addiction. This anxiety is compounded by the understanding that online behavior often diverges from real-world conduct. In the metaverse, where users adopt new personas and social norms are more malleable, the subtle promotion of nicotine use becomes powerfully integrated with themes of aspirational identity and freedom. [III] As Dr. Melina Magsumbol of Vital Strategies articulates, the industry is exploiting this to "subtly sell the idea that you can be anything, anyone you want."

This pervasive digital marketing creates a significant regulatory dilemma. While the WHO's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control mandates comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising, enforcing these rules in borderless digital realms is an intricate problem that governments are struggling to address. [IV] Health officials emphasize that inaction is perilous. Dr. Nandita Murukutla of Vital Strategies cautions that what begins as a marginal trend can rapidly achieve critical mass, at which point "dialing something back is virtually impossible." The imperative is clear: regulations must adapt before this new wave of digital marketing becomes irrevocably entrenched.

Question 31: According to paragraph 1, the infiltration of virtual environments by tobacco companies may create ______.
A. a contemporary gathering of avatars depicted in a shared social media image
B. a new marketing frontier requiring updates to conventional advertising regulation
C. a method for targeting young people through contemporary virtual gatherings
D. a significant public health threat operating outside traditional legal frameworks

Question 32: The phrase this strategy in paragraph 2 refers to the practice of ______.
A. presenting reports at the World Conference on Tobacco Control
B. sharing images of avatars smoking in virtual bars on social media
C. tobacco companies infiltrating virtual spaces to target young people
D. creating new regulations for marketing in the metaverse

Question 33: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?

A. A public health report found tobacco firms are using digital assets, game sponsorships, and virtual social events to normalize smoking in the metaverse, where a high proportion of users are under thirteen.

B. A report on metaverse marketing shows firms using digital assets and game sponsorships, but frames the creation of virtual social smoking events as the more forward-thinking strategy for community building.

C. A recent study found tobacco firms are normalizing smoking with digital assets and social events, with the sponsorship of online games being the key tactic for engaging with the metaverse's young user base.

D. A recent report, prompted by the number of young metaverse users, uncovered various tactics like digital assets and social events used by tobacco companies to normalize smoking behaviors among them.

Question 34: What behavior did a tobacco corporation from Indonesia showcase in its digital world campaign?
A. The sponsorship of various popular online games.
B. The casual smoking of avatars in a social gathering.
C. The launching of exclusive, branded digital assets.
D. The selling of virtual lighters to underage avatars.

Question 35: In Dr. Melina Magsumbol's view, what is the tobacco industry promoting to its metaverse audience?

A. The belief in a lack of real-world consequences.

B. The idea of defining oneself without any limits.

C. The message of an alliance with leading tech firms.

D. The importance of fitting into a digital social context.

Question 36: The word malleable in paragraph 3 mostly means ______.
A. easily influenced B. newly established
C. socially constructed D. culturally ingrained

Question 37: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. It is crucial for new regulations to be created before this digital marketing trend becomes too firmly established to be reversed.

B. There is a clear need for regulations to adapt before this new wave of online advertising takes a permanent, unchangeable hold.

C. It is vital that governing rules should be updated before this new digital marketing approach becomes immensely difficult to influence.

D. Even though this new style of digital marketing is too deeply rooted to be managed, adapting regulations is considered a clear necessity.

Question 38: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. The fluid social conventions of virtual worlds allow nicotine promotion to be seamlessly woven into users' construction of new, idealized identities.

B. Tobacco firms are targeting the metaverse since its younger user base is considered more focused on building aspirational identities than adults.

C. Health officials believe the trend of digital tobacco marketing is now at a critical mass, a point where future regulatory efforts would be ineffective.

D. The inclusion of details like avatars searching for lighters constitutes a particularly sophisticated psychological tactic for normalizing smoking.

Question 39: Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

The adoption of a smoking avatar can thus become a low-stakes form of identity exploration, detached from real-world health consequences.

A. [I] B. [II] C. [III] D. [IV]

Question 40: Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A. The rise of tobacco promotion in the metaverse highlights an inevitable conflict between technological innovation and public health regulation, posing a complex new challenge for existing legal frameworks on advertising.
B. The infiltration of the metaverse by tobacco firms is a problem of platform design that allows for subtle marketing, suggesting the regulatory challenge is to mandate specific new user safety and verification features.
C. Tobacco companies employ the unregulated metaverse to normalize smoking among youth, which is made harmful by combining digital engagement strategies with addiction marketing, posing an urgent regulatory challenge.
D. The metaverse is providing a novel frontier for tobacco marketing due to its lack of regulation, where young users are more vulnerable because they are less able to distinguish advertising from organic social interaction.