Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered...

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 23 to 30.

Techlash – a term coined to describe the rising backlash against major technology companies – is reshaping public discourse around digital innovation and corporate responsibility. Spurred by concerns over data privacy violations, algorithmic manipulation, and unchecked market dominance, this movement reflects growing discomfort with the scale and influence of dominant digital platforms. Once celebrated as engines of progress, these companies now face scrutiny over practices that may erode democratic values, concentrate economic power, and distort civic dialogue.

This shift is partially fueled by burgeoning awareness of algorithmic opacity, where users have little to no understanding of how content is filtered, ranked, or promoted. Recommendation engines, driven by engagement metrics, often reinforce filter bubbles that isolate users within ideologically homogeneous environments. Moreover, massive data harvesting – often embedded in lengthy and obscure terms of service – raises ethical questions about consent and autonomy. As users become more conscious of surveillance capitalism, techlash channels collective frustration into demands for transparency, ethical AI, and stronger digital rights.

In response, some companies have begun introducing self-regulatory measures, such as algorithm audits and investments in content moderation. Others are experimenting with blockchain verification for data integrity and increased user control over personal data. Despite these steps, critics argue that voluntary compliance is insufficient in addressing systemic issues. Policymakers worldwide are attempting to establish stronger guardrails through antitrust legislation, digital service acts, and cross-border data frameworks.

However, the regulatory environment remains fragmented, often lagging behind rapid technological change. Still, techlash signals a broader societal reckoning – one that seeks to recalibrate the balance between technological innovation and the public good.

(Adapted from CNN)

Question 23: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as a concern driving the "techlash" movement?

A. Unchecked market dominance B. Algorithmic manipulation
C. Distortion of civic dialogue D. Excessive advertising personalization