Question 17 : The word they in paragraph 2 refers to ______. A. limitations B. capabilities C. leaders D. market pressures

Question 2: 

A.  quantity B. volume C. selection D. abundance

Question 3: 

A.  misleading B. alarming C. annoying D. fulfilling

Question 4: 

A.  who B. whose C. whom D. where

Question 5: 

A.  have reflected B. reflected C. reflecting D. to reflect

Question 6: 

A.  live on B. insist on C. depend on D. embark on

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 7 to 14.

Crowd logistics — a paradigm in which deliveries are handled by a distributed network of freelance drivers and everyday commuters — is reshaping last-mile transportation. This model leverages sophisticated mobile apps and geolocation tools to assign parcels to nearby participants and enhance delivery speed. It also collects real-time tracking data on commuter availability and vehicle positioning to coordinate the process effectively.

Participants, whether students or retirees, can register through a platform that verifies their identities and preferred travel routes. When a delivery task matches someone’s usual journey, the system incorporates it into their route. The platform monitors package locations during transit and detects deviations such as off-route movements or long idle periods, helping resolve incidents before they escalate.

From a sustainability standpoint, crowd logistics provides multiple ecological and economic gains. It capitalizes on pre-existing travel plans, thereby limiting the need for additional transport and cutting emissions. This becomes particularly advantageous in gridlocked cities, where vehicle overpopulation exacerbates air quality and logistical inefficiencies. The model’s lean operating structure and shared workload also minimize financial overhead, allowing it to scale without compromising affordability.

Behind the scenes, data analytics synthesize vast repositories of trip data to pinpoint logistical choke points, forecast regional demand fluctuations, and refine routing algorithms. While some platforms use blockchain to confirm package handovers and timestamp arrivals, others rely on cloud-based logs to track service quality and maintain accountability. These mechanisms ensure that delivery histories remain accessible, verifiable, and strategically useful.

(Adapted from ResearchGate)

Question 7: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as a function of crowd logistics systems?

A. Assigning deliveries based on user location B. Enhancing delivery speed through mobile tools
C. Gathering real-time data on traffic conditions D. Utilizing geolocation for routing efficiency

Question 8: The word monitors in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.

A. tracks B. navigates C. controls D. determines

Question 9: The word it in paragraph 2 refers to ______.

A. platform B. delivery task C. journey D. system

Question 10: The word compromising in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.

A. negotiating B. preserving C. weakening D. arguing

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

FUEL YOUR FUTURE: HARNESS THE POWER OF PERPETUAL LEARNING

Our all-inclusive learning programs are crafted to help you reach your full (1) ______ and thrive in today’s rapidly evolving world. Whether you’re looking to enhance your skills for a new career or simply want to broaden your knowledge, we provide a diverse (2) ______ of courses tailored to your needs. From comprehensive workshops to flexible online options, our offerings deliver an engaging and (3) ______ learning experience. Gain insights from leading industry experts (4) ______ are eager to share their knowledge, and enjoy personalized learning paths (5) ______ your goals and interests. By becoming part of our global community of lifelong learners, you’ll connect with professionals worldwide and expand your network. Seize this opportunity to invest in yourself - enroll today and (6) ______ your continuous professional growth.

(Adapted from LinkedIn)

Question 1: 

A.  potential B. potentially C. potentiate D. potent