Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

Generative AI has sparked an ongoing debate about its potential to write literature, (1) ______. In recent years, advances in machine learning have enabled algorithms to produce coherent, albeit mechanical, narratives that mimic the structure of human storytelling. For many, the question is not whether AI can generate text, but whether it can craft literature with the depth and emotional resonance associated with great human writers, such as those whose works have transcended time. (2) ______. Increasingly trained on intricate emotional markers in literature, AI systems are now capable of producing text that manipulates tone, pace, and mood. (3) ______. The intangible essence of literary artistry, apparently, (4) ______. While generative AI might be able to simulate literary forms, it struggles with creating authentic, original ideas, often repeating previously established concepts. (5) ______, lacking the spontaneity and true innovation inherent in human creativity.

(Adapted from Neurond AI)

Question 1:

A. those with foundations were laid by centuries of human artistic expression
B. a realm that was historically dominated by human creativity
C. what it is traditionally shaped through human creative faculties
D. all of them have been human innovation historically prevailed

Question 2:

A. As AI declines, it becomes better at capturing faint emotional cues in its writing, producing compositions that come across as oddly authentic

B. Remarkably, as writing advances, it improves at weaving subtle emotional nuances into its AI, creating pieces that seem surprisingly genuine

C. Impressively, as AI continues to evolve, it refines its ability to incorporate subtle emotional undertones into its writing, producing works that feel strangely authentic

D. Notably, AI's continuous evolution sharpens its capacity to include subtle emotional shades in its narratives, generating works that appear remarkably lifelike

Question 3:

A. However, despite these advances, a core difference remains between the emotional depth of human art and the mechanical reuse of familiar themes by AI

B. While human art is known for its emotional depth, AI reuses familiar themes mechanically, a contrast that persists despite these advances

C. Despite remaining mechanical, AI differs in its emotional themes, which human art has frequently reused

D. Emotional advances remain core to AI’s originality, which human themes tend to reuse without much difference, despite depth

Question 4:

A. stay outside the capabilities of artificial intelligence, prompting critics to doubt if AI can ever genuinely embody the true nature of literature

B. remains beyond the reach of artificial intelligence and leaves critics to wonder if AI will ever truly capture the essence of literature as it is understood

C. continuing to elude artificial intelligence, prompting critics to question whether AI can ever genuinely grasp literature’s essence as it has long been interpreted

D. the perceived limitations of AI authentically reflect the literature’s true nature as understood by humans

Question 5:

A. So algorithms are such that repetitions become their result

B. Past repetitions are the algorithms' results drawn such are from

C. Such repetitions are the result of algorithms drawing from the past

D. Such results are the algorithms that past repetitions are drawn from

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 13.

In contemporary society, a growing number of individuals tend to cling to a mindset often labeled as “infantilism.” This phenomenon manifests in various ways, ranging from the reluctance to assume traditional adult responsibilities to the persistence of childlike behaviors well into adulthood. While some argue that this is a natural consequence of cultural shifts, others believe it is a troubling sign of delayed maturity.

Mr. Keith Hayward, a criminologist, contends that the modern generation is less mature than its predecessors, suggesting that Western culture is at fault for this shift. He highlights the prevalence of “kidulting,” where adults engage in behaviors traditionally associated with childhood, as evidence of societal infantilization. For instance, some adults partake in activities such as pillow fights and ball pit adventures, or even indulge in nostalgic whims like collecting toys.

The education system, too, may inadvertently contribute to this issue. Today's students are often shielded from challenging ideas, with institutions going so far as to place trigger warnings on classic works such as Peter Pan. While these warnings are meant to protect students, they might inadvertently stunt emotional and intellectual growth, leaving young people unprepared for the complexities of adulthood. Furthermore, phrases like “You can be anything you want to be” may offer encouragement, but they fail to prepare students for the realities of the adult world.

In the broader context, some argue that these perceived signs of immaturity are not necessarily indicative of a lack of maturity. For example, as the cost of education rises and more young people attend college, delaying financial independence and major life decisions like marriage or starting a family is becoming increasingly common. This delay should not be seen as an unwillingness to accept adulthood, but rather as a display of careful planning in a society facing economic difficulties.

(Adapted from The Economist)

Question 6: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of “kidulting” in the text?

A. Collecting toys B. Engaging in pillow fights
C. Participating in ball pit adventures D. Attending superhero conventions

Question 7: The word “inadvertently” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.

A. shockingly B. carelessly C. accidentally D. intentionally

Question 8: The phrase “at fault for” in paragraph 2 could be replaced by ______.

A. regretful about B. receptive to C. responsible for D. upset with

Question 9: The word “it” in paragraph 1 refers to ______.

A. perpetuation B. reluctance C. consequence D. infantilism

Question 10: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. This delay is a result of an unwillingness to confront the responsibilities of adult life in an economy burdened by difficulties.

B. This delay should be viewed as a strategic choice, as opposed to a reluctance to embrace adulthood in an economically strained society.

C. The delay is attributed to a lack of readiness to accept adult responsibilities in a turbulent economic climate.

D. The delay signifies an apprehension toward maturation rather than a deliberate adaptation to prevailing economic adversity.

Question 11: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Phrases promoting boundless ambition are essential in equipping students for the pragmatic demands of adulthood.

B. Some institutions attempt to protect students by labeling classic works with trigger warnings.

C. Mr. Keith Hayward asserts that contemporary youth exhibit greater levels of maturity compared to their predecessors.

D. Mr. Keith Hayward frequently condemns adults who partake in childlike activities such as toy collecting, citing these actions as indicative of arrested development.

Question 12: In which paragraph does the writer discuss the role of the education system in shaping the maturity of young people?

A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4

Question 13: In which paragraph does the writer explore economic factors contributing to delayed adulthood?

A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct arrangement of the sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 14 to 18.

Question 14:

A. Emma: Yes, it’s terrible. Oil spills destroy entire ecosystems and kill marine animals.

B. Tom: Have you heard about the recent oil spill off the coast of California, Emma?

C. Emma: I agree, the effects are long-lasting. We need stricter regulations to prevent these spills.

D. Tom: Absolutely, more preventive measures are needed to protect our oceans.

e. Tom: It’s so hard to clean up, too. The damage lasts for years.

A. a-e-c-d-b B. b-a-e-c-d C. c-b-a-e-d D. c-d-e-b-a

Question 15:

A. Emma: Have you ever wondered how human civilization evolved so rapidly compared to other species?

B. Emma: It makes me wonder what future generations will think of us. Will they see us as the architects of a new world or as a species that was too focused on progress at the expense of the planet?

C. Lucas: Exactly. The rise of civilizations has led to environmental destruction, social inequality, and conflicts. Yet, despite these challenges, we’ve made incredible progress in science, art, and culture.

D. Lucas: It’s fascinating. It’s not just about intelligence but also the ability to cooperate and build societies with complex systems of government, trade, and communication.

e. Emma: That’s true. The development of agriculture, writing, and technology allowed civilizations to flourish, but at what cost?

A. a-e-d-c-b B. e-b-c-a-d C. a-d-e-c-b D. d-a-e-b-c

Question 16:

A. Kelly: I love indoor workouts, like yoga or home circuits. You can even try dancing!

B. Jason: Kelly, do you have any tips for staying active during the winter?

C. Jason: I might give yoga a shot! It sounds like a great way to stay fit without going outside.

A. c-b-a B. c-a-b C. b-c-a D. b-a-c

Question 17:

A. There were moments when we disagreed or faced difficulties in our relationship, but instead of growing apart, those times only strengthened our bond as we learned to communicate more effectively and understand each other better.

B. A friendship that has profoundly impacted my life began when I met Sara during my freshman year of university.

C. Over the years, we’ve shared countless experiences – some joyful, others challenging – but always with mutual respect and support.

D. We were both new to the city and felt somewhat isolated, so we naturally gravitated towards each other.

e. Sara has become not just a friend, but a sister in every sense, and I cannot imagine going through life without her by my side.

A. b-e-c-d-a B. b-d-c-a-e C. d-c-b-a-e D. d-a-b-c-e

Question 18:

Dear Michael,

A. It’s called The Night Circus by Erin Morgenstern, and it’s a mesmerizing tale filled with magic, mystery, and romance.

B. The writing style is absolutely enchanting, and every page feels like stepping into a dream.

C. I know you love fantasy novels as much as I do, so I highly recommend this one.

D. I just finished reading an incredible book, and I couldn’t wait to tell you about it!

e. The story revolves around a magical competition between two young illusionists, set in a mysterious, ever-changing circus that only opens at night.

Take care,
Emily

A. d-e-b-a-c B. c-a-d-e-b C. d-a-e-b-c D. c-a-e-d-b\

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 19 to 28.

In recent years, the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has begun to take a toll on several industries, especially those relying on digital services. Chegg, for instance, has seen its share price plummet by 99% in less than four years, mainly due to a drop in demand for online learning. [I] While the post-pandemic slump in digital education contributed to this decline, the advent of AI tools like ChatGPT has exacerbated the issue. These AI technologies now provide students with free and efficient alternatives to the services Chegg offers, such as homework assistance and tutoring.

Similarly, other companies have also felt the impact of generative AI on their business models. [II] Stack Exchange, which runs the popular Stack Overflow, has experienced a dramatic decline in web traffic, as many coders turn to AI-powered tools like GitHub Copilot. These AI assistants allow them to solve coding issues more efficiently, leaving Stack Overflow struggling to maintain its relevance. Likewise, RWS, a translation service provider, has seen a significant drop in its revenue and share price since the introduction of ChatGPT, fueling investor trepidation about the future of the company.

However, the effects of AI are not universal, and some sectors remain largely unaffected by the technology's encroachment. [III] On the other hand, fields requiring a higher degree of precision, such as legal or medical work, are less likely to be immediately impacted. The propensity for errors, particularly AI hallucinations, renders businesses in these sectors more cautious about embracing the widespread adoption of generative AI.

In order to survive in the face of AI disruption, companies must adapt and innovate adroitly, using AI to enhance their products and services. Chegg, for example, is collaborating with Scale AI to offer machine-generated answers for students, while RWS is developing its own AI-powered translation tools. [IV] However, the innovation seen so far has been somewhat uninspired, with companies still struggling to find meaningful ways to integrate AI into their business models. In contrast, companies like Duolingo are finding success by integrating creative, interactive AI features, like their AI-generated character, Lily, which has helped boost shareholder confidence.

(Adapted from The Economist)

Question 19: What is the most plausible explanation for Chegg’s precipitous market devaluation?

A. Investor skepticism surrounding the long-term efficacy of digital tutoring models.
B. Regulatory interventions curtailing the provision of educational services.
C. A structural overhaul in its internal operational hierarchy.
D. A contraction in appetite for virtual education.

Question 20: Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

"Industries where AI can replicate tasks with little customization are more vulnerable to disruption, especially in areas like coding or translation."

A. [I] B. [II] C. [III] D. [IV]

Question 21: What does the impact of ChatGPT on RWS suggest about the broader implications of AI in specialized service industries?

A. Advances in technology enabling more efficient coordination

B. The proliferation of AI technologies is catalyzing the emergence of novel employment avenues within firms such as RWS

C. Stakeholders have expressed renewed optimism regarding the enduring viability of conventional translation enterprises

D. The emergence of AI solutions has introduced disruptive competition, threatening traditional service providers

Question 22: Which of the following best summarizes paragraph 2?

A. Generative AI has caused a decline in the use of Stack Overflow and RWS, as AI tools offer more efficient alternatives, leading to financial struggles and investor trepidation.

B. Stack Overflow has benefited from AI tools like GitHub Copilot, while RWS has encountered significant adversity due to intensified rivalry from AI-powered translation services.

C. Both Stack Overflow and RWS have ostensibly capitalized on generative AI advancements, leveraging such technologies to seamlessly incorporate them into their operational architectures.

D. Coders and translators now rely less on Stack Overflow and RWS because AI tools like ChatGPT and GitHub Copilot have rendered manual human input largely obsolete.

Question 23: The phrase "take a toll on" in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by ______.

A. make sense of B. cause damage to C. run short of D. show interest in

Question 24: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

A. Full-scale integration of generative AI within these sectors transpires solely when inaccuracies proliferate, specifically in the form of AI hallucinations.

B. Businesses in these sectors grow wary of implementing generative AI widely due to the risk of errors, especially AI hallucinations.

C. Enterprises exercise circumspection in their deployment of generative AI, as solely the phenomenon of AI hallucinations precipitates their reluctance.

D. The peril of inaccuracies, notably stemming from AI hallucinations, compels organizations across all domains to exhibit trepidation regarding the ubiquitous integration of generative AI.

Question 25: The word “them” in paragraph 2 refers to ______.

A. companies B. coders C. business models D. AI assistants

Question 26: According to paragraph 4, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a company adapting to AI disruption?

A. Stack Overflow will adapt its business model next year

B. Chegg is collaborating with Scale AI to offer machine-generated answers for students

C. RWS is developing its own AI-powered translation tools

D. Duolingo is integrating creative, interactive AI features, such as an AI-generated character

Question 27: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Duolingo's success shows that all industries impacted by AI can thrive through innovative and creative applications of technology.

B. The legal and medical sectors are early adopters of generative AI because of their high demand for precision.

C. Companies that fail to innovate creatively with AI are at greater risk of losing relevance in competitive markets.

D. The downturn in digital education was primarily instigated by the proliferation of AI technologies such as ChatGPT, which rendered conventional learning platforms obsolete.

Question 28: Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

A. AI's impact on industries has been minimal, with businesses like Stack Overflow and RWS adapting by creating successful AI-powered products, while competitors such as Chegg struggle to innovate and keep up with the changing technological landscape.

B. The rise of AI has caused significant declines in companies like Chegg, Stack Overflow, and RWS, but some industries, such as the legal and medical fields, remain largely unaffected, and businesses like Duolingo are thriving by creatively integrating AI.

C. AI tools like ChatGPT have primarily disrupted the education sector, pushing companies like Chegg to adopt uninspired AI solutions, while industries requiring higher precision, such as legal and medical fields, have experienced minimal impact from this technology.

D. The introduction of AI technologies like ChatGPT has led to the downfall of businesses relying on digital services, but sectors that demand high precision, such as medicine, are thriving despite the AI revolution, leaving no room for creative adaptation.

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 29 to 34.

Addressing Bias in AI Algorithms: Ensure Fairness and Accuracy

Are you concerned about the (29) ______ issue of bias in AI algorithms and their impact on decision-making? Do you want to ensure that your AI systems are fair and accurate in every (30) ______? Look no further! Our comprehensive program on AI ethics, (31) ______ is aimed at addressing bias and improving algorithmic fairness, can guide your team in navigating these complex issues. We provide tailored solutions, expert analysis, and strategic recommendations (32) ______ you minimize bias in AI models.

With our assistance, you'll also develop a solid strategic plan and hone the skills necessary for (33) ______ enhancing your career abilities. Don't wait any longer; make (34) ______ with us today!

(Adapted from GOV.UK)

Question 29:
A. exhausting B. confusing C. growing D. frightening

Question 30:
A. apply B. application C. applicant D. applicable

Question 31:
A. whom B. why C. which D. whose

Question 32:
A. helping B. is helped C. be helping D. helped

Question 33:
A. banking on B. carrying over C. checking on D. focusing on

Question 34:
A. idea B. contact C. habit D. excuse

Read the leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 35 to 40.

Urban Transport for People with Disabilities

The importance of accessible public transit

Many people with disabilities still face major challenges when using public transport. These challenges may include vehicles that are too high, stations with no elevators, or a lack of trained staff. Cities should improve transport systems (35) ______ ensuring full accessibility for everyone, not just for able-bodied passengers. When transport fails to meet these needs, people with disabilities often feel (36) ______ from everyday city life.

What inclusive transport looks like

An inclusive (37) ______ provides tools that help all people travel safely and comfortably. This may include low-floor buses, wide doors, audio announcements, or ramps at every stop. While (38) ______ cities have made notable progress, others still lag behind. Accessibility should not be offered only in select areas but must cover the (39) ______ transport network. Whether someone is using a train, bus, or taxi, they deserve reliable service and respectful treatment that addresses their unique mobility needs at every stage (40) ______ the journey.

(Adapted from eScholarship)

Question 35:
A. regardless of B. at the expense of C. with a view to D. instead of

Question 36:
A. excluded B. promoted C. elevated D. integrated

Question 37:
A. transport urban system B. urban system transport

C. system transport urban D. urban transport system

Question 38:
A. little B. much C. each D. some

Question 39:
A. total B. complete C. entire D. utter

Question 40:
A. on B. of C. for D. down