Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

Sign language is a fully developed form of communication that serves millions of people worldwide, especially those who are deaf or hard of hearing. (1) ________, identities, histories, and experiences worldwide. Despite being visual and gestural rather than spoken, sign languages are just as complex as spoken ones. They have grammar, structure, and vocabulary that allow users to express anything from basic needs to abstract ideas.

Recognized by many countries as official languages, sign languages have increasingly gained broader visibility in both education and various media platforms. They are taught in some schools and used in public services to promote inclusion and equal access to information. This recognition has empowered Deaf communities to advocate for their rights, (2) ________. As awareness grows, more people are learning sign language as a second or even third language.

Sign language allows people to express themselves clearly by offering a full range of expression that supports nuanced communication, connecting individuals across diverse communities through a shared visual language, and (3) ________, even though they may use different spoken languages. With the rise of social media, sign language content has become more visible, helping to challenge stereotypes and misconceptions. (4) ________. These steps demonstrate growing respect for linguistic diversity.

Technology is also playing a role in expanding access to sign language. Video calls, captioning software, and sign language learning apps are now widely used. Deaf creators on platforms like YouTube and TikTok are making their voices—through signs—heard around the world. (5) ________.

(Adapted from National Geographic)

Question 1:

A. where it represents a culturally rich way humans express themselves
B. reflecting the rich and complex diversity of human expression across cultures
C. that showing people express culture differently across regions
D. this being reflective of the complexity in how people express

Question 2:

A. but to participate more fully in society
B. nor to participate more fully in society
C. and to participate more fully in society
D. for to participate more fully in society

Question 3:

A. mutual understandings are being fostered by the hearing and Deaf worlds
B. fosters mutual understanding between the hearing and Deaf worlds
C. to foster mutual understanding between the hearing and Deaf worlds
D. fostering mutual understanding between the hearing and Deaf worlds

Question 4:

A. Interpreters are now present at many public events, from concerts to government briefings
B. Many public events, interpreters are now present, from concerts to government briefings
C. At present, interpreters attend concerts and government briefings, at many public events
D. Many public events, from concerts to government briefings, now featuring interpreters

Question 5:

A. Whereas society becomes more inclusive, sign language still faces challenges in gaining full recognition and importance
B. As society becomes more inclusive, sign language will continue to gain recognition and importance
C. Sign language must continue to gain recognition and importance regardless of how inclusive society becomes
D. As institutions become more exclusive, many societies are now acting in favor of sign language, helping it gain more recognition

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 13.

In Springfield, the Simpson family once visited a massive supermarket called Monstromart, whose slogan was “where shopping is a baffling ordeal”. The store offered endless aisles, towering shelves, and absurd product sizes, like 12lb boxes of nutmeg. Overwhelmed by the chaos of too many choices, they retreated to the simplicity of Apu’s Kwik-E-Mart. This humorous scenario illustrates how sometimes people choose to reduce their choices, prioritizing ease over endless options.

This tendency to settle for “good enough” aligns with Herbert Simon’s concept of “satisficing,” which challenges the idea of humans as rational utility maximizers. Economist Barry Schwartz explores this in The Paradox of Choice, arguing that too many options can lead to decision deferral and regret. For instance, a study showed that customers were more likely to buy jam when presented with six options, rather than many more. Schwartz emphasizes that while more choices seem liberating, they often result in dissatisfaction and missed opportunities.

The relationship between choice and happiness becomes even more complex in critical areas like education, pensions, and utilities. Expanding options can transfer responsibility from institutions to individuals, creating stress and guilt about potentially making the “wrong” choice. For example, parents choosing between schools or employees navigating retirement plans often feel overwhelmed rather than empowered. These situations highlight the paradox: more choices may appear to offer freedom but often lead to frustration and poor outcomes.

In response, some leaders and businesses are rethinking the value of unlimited choice. Tesco’s decision to reduce product variety mirrors broader critiques of competition and choice as overwhelming forces in modern life. Similarly, political figures like Jeremy Corbyn advocate reducing market-driven options in utilities and education to create fairer, less stressful systems. This perspective questions the deeply ingrained belief that an abundance of options naturally guarantees enhanced fulfillment and superior outcomes, instead revealing its potentially adverse effects.

(Adapted from The Guardian)

Question 6: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a critical area where the relationship between choice and happiness becomes complex?

A. Utilities B. Healthcare C. Pensions D. Education

Question 7: The word baffling in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.

A. unconscious B. haphazard C. straightforward D. complicated

Question 8: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. This concept implies that increasing options inevitably augments personal gratification, though it acknowledges the occasional drawbacks linked to excessive decision-making.

B. This viewpoint challenges the long-held assumption that having more options automatically leads to greater satisfaction and better results, highlighting the possible negative consequences.

C. This belief underscores the premise that supplementary options invariably bolster autonomy; however, it fails to account for the potential deleterious ramifications associated with such profusion.

D. Instead of rejecting the common assumption that many choices ensure improved happiness and success, this outlook confirms the possible drawbacks or detrimental impact that such an abundance can have.

Question 9: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Barry Schwartz argues that having fewer options always results in higher satisfaction.
B. The concept of “satisficing” proves that people always choose the best option in every situation.
C. Jeremy Corbyn supports increasing consumer options to boost competition and fairness.
D. Tesco reduced its product range to reflect concerns that too much choice can be overwhelming.

Question 10: The word they in paragraph 1 refers to ______.

A. product sizes B. aisles C. the Simpson family D. options

Question 11: The word deferral in paragraph 2 mostly means ______.

A. continuation B. postponement C. initiation D. advancement

Question 12: Which paragraph describes a lighthearted example to illustrate the drawbacks of excessive choice?

A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4

Question 13: Which paragraph explores how increasing personal responsibility in decision-making can have negative consequences?

A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct arrangement of the sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 14 to 18.

Question 14:

A. Local manufacturers, most notably VinFast, have begun producing electric cars and motorbikes, aiming to compete both in domestic and international markets.

B. With continued investment in infrastructure and public awareness campaigns, Vietnam is expected to become one of the most dynamic markets for electric vehicles in Southeast Asia.

C. In recent years, Vietnam has witnessed a growing interest in electric vehicles (EVs) as the country seeks cleaner and more sustainable transport solutions.

D. Rising concerns about air pollution in major cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City have encouraged the shift from traditional motorbikes and cars to electric alternatives.

e. These vehicles not only help cut fuel costs for drivers but also contribute to quieter and healthier urban environments.

(Adapted from ScienceDirect)

A. c–d–a–e–b B. c–a–e–b–d C. c–d–b–a–e D. c–e–d–a–b

Question 15:

A. Jake: Yeah, I’ve been researching different breeds. I’m looking for a friendly one.
b. Olivia: You might want to consider a Labrador. They’re friendly and great with families.
c. Olivia: That’s exciting! If you have the time and energy to care for one, it could be a great decision.
d. Jake: That’s a great suggestion! I’ll look into it.
e. Jake: I’m thinking about adopting a dog. Do you think it’s a good idea?

(Adapted from The Real IELTS)

A. e–d–c–b–a B. b–d–a–c–e C. e–c–a–b–d D. c–a–b–e–d

Question 16:

Dear Uncle Luan,

A. My family has been going through a difficult time, and I really need someone to talk to.
b. My younger brother has also been struggling with his schoolwork, and I think the stress in the family is affecting him.
c. My father lost his job two months ago, and my mother’s salary is not enough to cover all the expenses.
d. I wish we could sit down together and talk calmly about our problems, but emotions often get in the way.
e. I try to stay positive and help where I can, like doing extra chores and helping my brother with his homework.

With gratitude,
Tam

(Adapted from English Learning Conversation)

A. a–c–e–d–b B. a–d–c–b–e C. a–d–c–e–b D. a–c–b–e–d

Question 17:

A. Today, however, anyone can post content online without verifying the facts, leading to a flood of unreliable information.
b. Misinformation can cause panic during emergencies, influence political decisions, and damage people’s trust in science and authorities.

C. Misinformation is not a new problem, but modern technology has made it much harder to control.
d. It can also contribute to the spread of conspiracy theories, which are often difficult to correct once they become popular.
e. In the past, people received news from newspapers, radio, or television, where information was usually checked by professional journalists.

(Adapted from Medium)

A. c–e–a–b–d B. d–c–b–e–a C. c–a–d–e–b D. d–b–c–a–e

Question 18:

A. Sophia: That’s fantastic! What kind of photos do you enjoy taking? Portraits, landscapes, or something else?

B. Emily: I’ve been trying to get into photography recently. I’ve always loved capturing moments, but I never had the right camera before.

C. Emily: Mostly landscapes. I love taking pictures of nature, especially sunsets and mountains. I think they capture such a peaceful vibe.

(Adapted from TechTalk)

A. a-b-c B. c-a-b C. b-a-c D. a-c-b

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 19 to 28.

Nuclear energy is experiencing a revitalization as nations critically reevaluate its feasibility as a foundational pillar of their long-term energy paradigms amid evolving global imperatives. After decades of debate over its safety, waste management, and financial feasibility, governments and energy firms are taking decisive steps to reintegrate nuclear power into their grids. [I] In Canada, SaskPower has unveiled an ambitious plan to incorporate small modular reactors within the next decade, signaling a commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Meanwhile, in the United States, dormant or decommissioned facilities are being reconsidered as energy demands soar and climate imperatives necessitate cleaner alternatives. The recent extension of Diablo Canyon’s lifespan in California and the proposed revival of Unit 1 at Three Mile Island exemplify this renewed interest in nuclear energy.

[II] Public sentiment on nuclear energy remains divided, shaped by regional histories, cognitive styles, and levels of scientific literacy. A significant proportion of North Americans remain undecided, reflecting uncertainty rather than firm opposition. Research by academics such as Pennycook and Weber underscores the correlation between analytical thinking and nuclear power endorsement, revealing that individuals who engage in deliberate reasoning are more inclined to perceive it as a safe and viable energy source. Empirical findings suggest education is crucial in fostering acceptance, as individuals with greater scientific literacy exhibit higher support for nuclear initiatives. Unlike politically divisive issues, attitudes toward nuclear power appear less influenced by ideology and more by knowledge and reasoning. Those who process information analytically, rather than relying on intuition or impulsive judgment, are more likely to recognize nuclear energy’s reliability and safety.

Misinformation and conspiracy theories present formidable obstacles to nuclear energy acceptance. [III] Those who subscribe to such beliefs are far less likely to support nuclear expansion, highlighting the need for strong educational initiatives. Enhancing public knowledge of nuclear technology, regulatory safeguards, and environmental benefits allows policymakers to mitigate fears and counter misinformation. Although the nuclear industry has significantly advanced safety protocols, these improvements are often overshadowed by anxieties stemming from past accidents. Fact-based communication about modern reactor designs and risk mitigation will be crucial in shifting public perception.

To secure public trust, industry leaders must strike while the iron is hot by implementing strategic communication campaigns emphasizing transparency, technological advancements, and economic benefits. Job creation, economic development, and environmental sustainability must be central to outreach efforts, ensuring communities recognize nuclear energy’s advantages. Dispelling misconceptions through targeted education will be instrumental in bridging knowledge gaps and fostering acceptance. Ultimately, nuclear power’s resurgence depends on sustained, evidence-based discourse prioritizing clarity, engagement, and scientific literacy. [IV]

(Adapted from Discovery Alert)

Question 19: Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

“Studies indicate skepticism toward nuclear power is often fueled by narratives of illegal waste disposal, government cover-ups, and downplaying of radiation risks.”

A. [I] B. [II] C. [III] D. [IV]

Question 20: The phrase strike while the iron is hot in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by ______.

A. let things happen naturally without interference
B. adopt a passive approach and observe developments
C. take a cautious approach and assess all risks thoroughly
D. capitalize on the opportunity before conditions change

Question 21: According to paragraph 4, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a key factor in securing public trust in nuclear energy?

A. enhancing safety regulations through continuous monitoring and strict policy enforcement
B. highlighting economic growth, employment opportunities, and sustainability benefits
C. using strategic communication to improve transparency and technological awareness
D. dispelling misconceptions through targeted education to bridge knowledge gaps

Question 22: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?

A. The majority of North Americans remain firmly opposed to nuclear energy due to historical events and safety concerns, with little evidence suggesting that scientific literacy plays a role in changing public opinion.

B. While education plays a role in shaping opinions on nuclear power, ideological divisions and political beliefs remain the most significant factors determining whether individuals support or oppose its use.

C. Attitudes toward nuclear energy are shaped by factors such as cognitive processing styles, regional backgrounds, and scientific literacy, with analytical thinkers being more likely to support it.

D. Public perception of nuclear energy is primarily shaped by political ideology, with individuals aligning their views based on their broader partisan beliefs rather than scientific understanding.

Question 23: In the United States, dormant or decommissioned facilities are being re-evaluated owing to ______.

A. a dwindling concern for environmental preservation
B. the steadily declining demand for diverse energy sources
C. skyrocketing energy demands and the need for sustainable alternatives
D. the affordable expense of converting old facilities for new uses

Question 24: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 1?

A. The increasing focus on renewable energy alternatives has led many nations to phase out nuclear energy, questioning its viability as a reliable long-term solution.

B. The feasibility of nuclear energy as a central element in long-term national energy frameworks is being reinforced worldwide amid shifting global imperatives.

C. Due to concerns about sustainability and safety, countries are gradually moving away from nuclear power and focusing on developing other sources of energy for the future.

D. Nations are reexamining the viability of nuclear power as a cornerstone of their long-term energy strategies, leading to a global revival of interest amid shifting international priorities.

Question 25: What challenges stand in the way of achieving nuclear energy acceptance?

A. Misinformation and conspiracy theories
B. Shortages in funding for nuclear infrastructure
C. Positive initiatives regarding nuclear plants
D. Government incentives for renewable energy sources

Question 26: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Since the nuclear industry has already improved safety protocols, further public outreach efforts are unnecessary to gain public trust.

B. Public attitudes toward nuclear power are shaped more by personal intuition than external factors like scientific knowledge, energy demand, or misinformation.

C. Without proactive educational initiatives and transparent communication, public opposition to nuclear energy is unlikely to decrease significantly.

D. SaskPower has commenced the construction of small modular reactors and is projected to complete them within the next few years as part of its pursuit of net-zero emissions.

Question 27: The word their in paragraph 1 refers to ______.

A. decisive steps B. governments and energy firms
C. reactors D. nations

Question 28: Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

A. Increasing numbers of nuclear reactors are planned throughout North America, demonstrating shifting energy strategies that favor reduced emissions, corporate partnerships, and revived facilities, with minimal focus on public opinion, scientific literacy, or education, suggesting industry interests drive future acceptance.

B. Public sentiment toward nuclear energy is deeply polarized, with political and ideological divisions shaping perspectives on its viability. While some advocate for its role in achieving energy independence and sustainability, others reject it outright due to safety fears and past nuclear disasters.

C. The debate over nuclear energy is primarily economic, with discussions centered around its cost-effectiveness compared to renewable energy sources. Governments and private enterprises are exploring financial incentives to reintegrate nuclear power into their energy grids, but uncertainty over long-term profitability continues to be a major obstacle.

D. While nuclear energy is regaining interest as a sustainable option, concerns over safety, waste management, and costs persist. Research shows that analytical thinkers and those with higher scientific literacy are more likely to support it, highlighting the need for education and fact-based outreach.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 29 to 34.

The Vicious Cycle of Job Hugging

“Job Hugging” describes the phenomenon where young employees (29) ______ their positions out of fear rather than passion. Unlike workaholics, (30) ______ throw themselves into tasks willingly, job huggers hang on because they dread being judged, overlooked, or replaced. They often push themselves to take on excessive workloads, answering emails at odd hours and skipping breaks, until enthusiasm wanes. This constant overextension may seem commendable initially, but in reality, it (31) ______ energy, disrupts balance, and erodes the very satisfaction that once motivated them to pursue their careers.

Several factors drive employees to leave their jobs. New hires feel (32) ______ to prove themselves, anxious about being underestimated or labeled inexperienced. Organizational cultures that glorify overtime and constant availability reinforce this behavior, (33) ______ the expectation that showing up early and staying late signifies commitment. In competitive markets, the fear of being replaced further fuels overcommitment. Consequently, young workers gradually take on more than they can handle, hesitate to delegate, and suppress personal needs, all in an (34) ______ to keep pace and fit in with their peers.

(Adapted from Forbes)

Question 29:
A. cling to B. die for C. drop off D. wrap up

Question 30:
A. where B. whose C. who D. why

Question 31:
A. taps B. saps C. naps D. maps

Question 32:
A. compelling B. compellingly C. compel D. compelled

Question 33:
A. creating B. created C. is creating D. create

Question 34:
A. presence B. process C. expense D. attempt

Read the following article and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 35 to 40.

Biophilic Design

In today’s world, people spend (35) ______ 90% of their time indoors, often in cramped, poorly ventilated spaces. This disconnection from nature can have detrimental effects on both physical and mental health. Biophilic design addresses this issue by incorporating natural elements into built environments to promote focus, comfort, and a sense of grounding. Rooted in the biophilia hypothesis presented by Edward O. Wilson in the 1980s, the concept reflects our (36) ______ to connect with nature. As environmental concerns grow, biophilic design has become a rising trend in contemporary architecture, gaining (37) ______ across the globe.

(38) ______ often linked, biophilic architecture and sustainable architecture differ in focus. The former aims to strengthen the connection to nature through design choices that evoke sensory and emotional responses – using light, greenery, and organic forms – whereas the (39) ______ strives to reduce a building’s environmental footprint through resource efficiency, zero-waste systems, and renewable materials. Combining both approaches can lead (40) ______ built environments that support human well-being while remaining environmentally responsible.

(Adapted from ResearchGate)

Question 35:
A. much B. almost C. the others D. little

Question 36:
A. innate need human B. need human innate
C. innate human need D. human innate need

Question 37:
A. stone B. bridge C. moon D. ground

Question 38:
A. If B. Yet C. While D. Thus

Question 39:
A. latter B. outer C. inner D. upper

Question 40:
A. from B. to C. of D. with