Read the following passage about the WhatsApp and Harmful Content Spread and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate t...

Read the following passage about the WhatsApp and Harmful Content Spread and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

WhatsApp is a tough nut to crack for technology companies worldwide today. Billions of users send secret messages every day. Fake information, hate speech, and political messages spread quickly through private groups. The encryption protects people's privacy, but it makes finding dangerous content very difficult for the police and government. [I] Understanding how bad information moves across WhatsApp is now very important for keeping digital safety and social stability strong in our connected world. This problem needs immediate attention. We need to find new and creative solutions to solve it.

Researchers studied over five million messages from about six thousand public WhatsApp groups in India. They used a special method called "cascade mapping" to see how posts were shared among users. [II] By looking at forwarding patterns carefully, they found which messages reached the most people successfully. The research gave useful information about how messages spread across different user groups and areas worldwide. These findings show important progress in understanding how people communicate online.

Results showed that harmful messages spread faster and wider than normal messages. Images and videos spread much more than text messages. However, researchers found something important: the type of content alone cannot fully explain why this happens. The way messages are forwarded is also very important in deciding if information spreads widely around the world. [III] Pictures and videos have a strong visual effect that makes people share them more. This structural element is very important and deserves careful attention from researchers and technology companies.

Traditional ways to control content do not work on platforms like WhatsApp with secret messages. Therefore, researchers suggest focusing on changing how people forward messages. [IV] Stopping people from forwarding the same message many times could reduce how fast messages spread. These findings show that even "private" platforms make it easy for dangerous content to spread widely. This creates serious problems for government rules and protection systems. Platforms need new and creative solutions immediately. Future plans must directly stop the ways people forward messages to each other.

https://arxiv.org/mk

Question 31: The phrase “a tough nut to crack” in paragraph 1 has the closest meaning to _________.

A. deal with                                        B. give up on                        C. look into                                        D. break down