Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered...

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

        Urbanization, among one of the most alarming issues worldwide, (18) ____________. This shift is not merely a change of scenery; it reflects a profound shift in lifestyles, opportunities, and challenges. As more people flock to urban centers in search of better employment prospects and improved living conditions, cities around the world are experiencing rapid growth.

        While urbanization can bring numerous benefits, such as economic development and cultural exchange, it also poses significant challenges that need to be addressed. One of the most pressing issues is the strain on infrastructure, (19) ____________. As cities expand, the demand for housing, transportation, and public services frequently exceeds supply, leading to overcrowded living conditions and increased traffic congestion. Many major cities, which are grappling with inadequate public transportation systems, force residents to rely on cars, contributing to pollution and exacerbating greenhouse gas emissions.

        Moreover, urbanization can exacerbate social inequalities. Low-income families have been pushed into informal settlements or slums, and access to basic services is limited. (20) ____________.

        To navigate the challenges posed by urbanization, effective urban planning, and policy-making are essential. (21) ____________. Furthermore, engaging communities in the planning process can foster a sense of ownership and responsibility. Addressing these challenges head-on, (22) ____________.

Question 18:

        A. involves the mass migration of people from rural areas to some big cities

        B. involving the fact that people from rural areas rapidly migrate to some big cities

        C. that involves some big cities have a great number of people from rural areas migrate to

        D. on which a large number of migrants from rural areas move to some big cities