Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered...

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 12 to 16.

        Urbanization has transformed societies worldwide since the Industrial Revolution began. Cities expanded as factories required laborers, and rural workers sought better wages and opportunities. Early urban centers grew around ports, railways, and industrial zones. (12) ____. Local governments built infrastructure like sewage systems, electricity grids, and public schools to support rising populations. (13) ____, inadequate planning left many neighborhoods vulnerable to flooding, disease, and overcrowding. Across Latin America and Southeast Asia, informal settlements appeared on hillsides and riverbanks. (14) ____. Urban planners struggled to provide clean water, sanitation, and affordable housing fast enough. Existing infrastructure could not keep pace with demand, (15) ____. Despite these challenges, cities remained magnets for migration because they offered education, healthcare, and jobs. Gradually, investments in metro systems, social housing, and parks improved living conditions, (16) ____.

(Adapted from https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/urbanization/)

Question 12. A. These emerging metropolitan centers consequently attracting successive waves of migrants seeking employment and establishing close-knit communities nearby

B. The resulting infrastructure development provided a blueprint for subsequent urban expansion strategies across industrializing regions

C. Although initially concentrated in Europe, these phenomenons rapidly spread to other continents undergoing industrial transformation

D. These population shifts fundamentally altered traditional settlement patterns, creating unprecedented demographic concentrations in industrial zones