Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered...

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

The fossil fuel divestment movement is a global campaign that seeks to stigmatize the industry; it employs tactics such as the direct petitioning of university boards, the launching of public awareness campaigns that highlight the financial risks of "stranded assets", as well as (1) ________, a multi-pronged approach designed to weaken the industry's political influence.

Opponents, who often include the financial managers of these large endowments, argue that divestment is a purely symbolic gesture, one that ultimately harms the institution's own portfolio, (2) ________. This argument frames the decision as a breach of fiduciary duty.

Such a narrow financial argument, however, fundamentally misunderstands the movement's core strategy. The primary objective is not to bankrupt these companies directly but to revoke their social license. (3) ________. This makes it significantly harder for them to attract top talent and to influence policy.

This recontextualizes the climate crisis not as a distant environmental problem, but as an immediate moral failing of the current system. (4) ________. The campaign's lasting impact, which is still unfolding, is therefore a measure of its success in shifting the Overton window of what is considered politically possible, which is its most visible tactic, and, equally, of (5) ________ for subsequent environmental and social justice campaigns.

(Adapted from ResearchGate)

Question 1:
A. the strategic use of litigation aimed at challenging corporate permits
B. the challenge of litigation strategically aimed at permitting corporate use
C. a corporate strategy using litigation to challenge the aim of permits
D. the strategic challenge of litigation aims at corporate permissive use