Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

The societal normalization of chronic sleep deprivation is a growing public health concern. The problem is rooted in a culture of 24/7 productivity, the glorification of "hustle culture", a mindset that disproportionately affects young professionals, and (1) ______ a collection of pressures that reframe rest as a luxury rather than a biological necessity.

The physical toll of this epidemic is well-documented, with studies linking it directly to cardiovascular disease. The mental health consequences, however, are often more insidious, a reality that many individuals tend to underestimate, (2) ______, an outcome that leaves the brain emotionally volatile and cognitively impaired.

A significant part of the problem is a widespread misunderstanding of sleep's function. (3) ______. Sleep is not a passive "off" state; rather, it is an active biological process crucial for memory consolidation and cellular repair. (4) ______. This failure leads to a public health discourse that focuses on symptoms, like fatigue, rather than on the root cause.

Addressing this public health issue, which has implications for everything from economic productivity to public safety, requires an approach that operates on two distinct levels simultaneously: it must involve policy-level interventions, such as public education campaigns and workplace regulations, in equal measure (5) ______ that empower individuals to reclaim their right to rest.

(Adapted from MDPI)

Question 1:

A. the pervasive belief that personal worth is directly tied to output
B. in the personal worth of believing in the pervasive, direct tie to output
C. personally believes that the worth is directly tied to output is pervasive
D. the pervasiveness of the belief is the direct tie between personal worth and output

Question 2:

A. even if the accumulation of underlying chemicals is noticeably imbalanced long before any overt symptoms

B. in the event that the notice of underlying chemical imbalances accumulates long before any overt symptoms appear

C. because the underlying chemical imbalances accumulate long before any overt symptoms appear noticeable

D. even though the underlying chemical imbalances become noticeable long before any overt symptoms accumulate

Question 3:

A. The biology of rest is still viewed as an unproductive indulgence rather than a non-negotiable need.

B. Many still view rest as an unproductive indulgence rather than a non-negotiable biological need

C. Indulging in unproductive rest is still viewed as a non-negotiable need, rather than biologically driven

D. Rest's non-negotiable biological necessity is still viewed by many as an unproductive indulgence

Question 4:

A. Personal and public health agendas are often ignored, meaning this widespread misconception includes "sleep hygiene"

B. This widespread misconception means that "sleep hygiene" is often ignored in personal and public health agendas

C. The widespread ignorance of "sleep hygiene" means that personal and public health agendas are often misconceived

D. That people widely misconceive personal and public health agendas means that "sleep hygiene" is often ignored

Question 5:

A. must re-evaluate the culture of stigma associated with rest

B. a cultural association between rest and the stigma of re-evaluation

C. with a cultural re-evaluation of the stigma associated with rest

D. that culturally re-evaluates the association between stigma and rest

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 6 to 13.

A corporate realignment is abruptly terminating the era of flexible work. Major companies, one after another, are rescinding remote policies and issuing compulsory return-to-office mandates. The unequivocal nature of these directives is notable. It is happening despite extensive productivity metrics from the remote period remaining high. The messaging suggests a complete repudiation of the employee-centric models celebrated just two years prior, creating significant friction within the professional class.

Public justifications for the mandates invariably focus on intangible concepts. Executives expound on the necessity of "spontaneous collaboration," "corporate culture," and "in-person mentorship." Such elements are notoriously difficult to quantify. Their value provides a convenient, unfalsifiable rationale for policies that profoundly disrupt employee lives. The nebulous idea of "culture" is being employed to enforce a return to centralized, high-cost physical spaces, often without clear evidence that proximity actually improves output.

The professional workforce, having recalibrated their lives and domestic arrangements around a new flexibility, views the mandates as arbitrary and a breach of trust. They point to their own proven output as superior evidence against the need for a physical return. The response is not open rebellion, but a wave of disengagement. Companies are observing heightened attrition among top performers and a rise in "quiet quitting." The forced return has fostered a fractious work environment, characterized by sullen compliance and a measurable erosion of employee morale.

Underlying the official justifications are more prosaic financial pressures. Vast, expensive commercial real estate portfolios, locked into long-term leases, sit perilously underutilized. A return to offices is seen as a way to justify these immense overheads. Furthermore, an entire class of managers, whose roles were defined by direct, visible oversight, has struggled to adapt. The push is widely interpreted by employees as a blunt attempt to reassert pre-pandemic managerial hierarchies and restore a visibly monitored, centralized workforce.

(Adapted from ScienceDirect)

Question 6: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as an official justification executives use for mandating a return to the office?

A. Spontaneous collaboration B. Corporate culture
C. In-person mentorship D. Enhanced employee well-being

Question 7: The word Their in paragraph 2 refers to ________.

A. Executives B. Public justifications C. Elements D. Employee lives

Question 8: The word nebulous in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________.

A. modern B. vague C. unpopular D. complex

Question 9: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

A. Professional employees, who have realigned their domestic lives around this new autonomy, see the mandates as arbitrary and a sign of disrespect for their personal time.

B. The directives are perceived as unreasonable and a violation of confidence by professional staff, who have already reorganized their home lives around new autonomy.

C. The professional workforce's realignment of their home lives around new autonomy explains why they view the mandates as both arbitrary and a violation of confidence.

D. The professional workforce views the mandates as arbitrary, a decision which causes a breach of trust for those who had realigned their lives around the new flexibility.

Question 10: The word fractious in paragraph 4 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
A. productive B. harmonious C. quiet D. professional

Question 11: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. A documented erosion of employee morale stems from managerial difficulties with adapting to new work models.
B. The mandates are a reversal of policies celebrated two years ago, specifically for improving remote productivity.
C. Companies are providing specialized retraining to help managers adjust their methods from visible to remote oversight.
D. The official corporate justifications for the recalls are built upon concepts that are intentionally difficult to disprove.

Question 12: Which paragraph mentions that companies are losing their best workers due to the new policy?
A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 3 C. Paragraph 2 D. Paragraph 4

Question 13: Which paragraph mentions that a hidden reason for the return is to justify the cost of unused buildings?
A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 3 C. Paragraph 2 D. Paragraph 4

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 14 to 23.

In the wake of Typhoon Matmo’s destructive passage, the provinces of Thái Nguyên and Bắc Ninh, regions situated deep inland, grappled with an unprecedented catastrophe. Rivers, engorged by torrential rainfall, overflowed their banks with astonishing speed, submerging entire villages in a viscous torrent of mud and debris. The initial hours were a period of profound disarray, a chaotic scramble for survival long before formal relief efforts could be fully mobilized. [I] During this critical window, a different kind of response began to stir, a digital cascade of urgent calls for help and action across social media platforms.

Makeshift convoys, organized with remarkable alacrity, began departing from Hanoi and other unaffected areas. The participants were not official emergency crews, but grassroots coalitions of university students, small business owners, and other concerned citizens. Their personal vehicles were packed not with sophisticated rescue equipment, but with the essential staples of immediate survival: cartons of instant noodles for sustenance, clean drinking water to combat contamination, blankets for warmth, and basic medical supplies. [II] The effort was a direct, communal reaction to a stream of harrowing online images depicting families stranded on rooftops and homes submerged to their eaves.

The on-the-ground work proved to be arduous and emotionally taxing. Young people, many clad in inadequate footwear and with no prior experience in disaster relief, found themselves wading through waist-deep mud under an oppressive humidity. [III] They assisted residents in the backbreaking task of shoveling dense sludge from their homes, salvaging what few personal belongings remained, and helping to secure temporary shelters against the elements. The atmosphere was one of grim determination, a shared sense of urgency that superseded any formal organizational hierarchy.

The spontaneous mobilization following the floods is a powerful, modern expression of the nation's ingrained spirit of mutual support. The event highlighted a growing capacity for rapid, decentralized altruism, galvanized by digital connectivity but fueled by a traditional sense of collective responsibility. It showed a civic response that often outpaced the more methodical, bureaucratic channels of official aid. [IV] In an era of escalating climate-related disasters that strike with increasing unpredictability, the resilience of a community is measured not only by its official preparedness, but by the instinct of its ordinary citizens to act decisively in the face of a neighbor’s crisis.

(Adapted from VietNamNet)

Question 14: According to paragraph 1, the period immediately following the typhoon's passage ______.
A. was an unprecedented catastrophe because Thái Nguyên and Bắc Ninh are deep inland
B. was characterized by widespread disorder before organized assistance was available
C. was a chaotic scramble to stop the viscous mud and debris from submerging villages
D. was a critical window where formal relief was mobilized by a digital cascade on social media

Question 15: The word arduous in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. strenuous B. lengthy C. complex D. specialized

Question 16: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?

A. Motivated by online images of the disaster, grassroots coalitions of ordinary citizens rapidly organized convoys from other areas, bringing essential survival supplies like food and water to the victims.

B. A well-organized relief effort was formed by private citizens using their own cars to transport survival supplies after seeing the scale of the devastation that was depicted on various social media platforms.

C. Grassroots coalitions of citizens organized convoys with survival supplies, focusing their relief efforts on the more remote villages that they knew formal emergency crews would be unable to reach in time.

D. Prompted by calls for aid from student groups on social media, many business owners and other citizens organized convoys with their personal vehicles to bring essential survival supplies to the flood victims.

Question 17: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a type of vital aid provided by the grassroots convoys departing from Hanoi?
A. Cartons of instant noodles B. Clean drinking water
C. Sophisticated rescue equipment D. Basic medical supplies

Question 18: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. The citizen-led relief operation achieved a speed of response that official aid mechanisms could not initially match during the flood crisis.

B. The period of disorder immediately after the floods means governmental emergency protocols were unprepared for the disaster's actual scale.

C. Volunteers brought sustenance items like noodles based on a belief that such supplies addressed victims' most pressing immediate requirements.

D. The difficult rescue environment was made considerably harder for volunteers because they lacked specialized disaster response training.

Question 19: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

A. The formal organizational hierarchy was overridden by a collective feeling of immediacy, an intense, shared resolve that defined the atmosphere.

B. The absence of a formal organizational hierarchy fostered a shared sense of immediacy, creating the grim determination that pervaded the air.

C. A grim sense of determination permeated the air, fostering a shared feeling of urgency that in turn overrode the formal organizational structure.

D. The group's shared immediacy was a conscious tool they used to bypass the formal organizational hierarchy, creating the grim atmosphere.

Question 20: What factors combined to create the rapid decentralized response?
A. The slow and methodical bureaucratic channels of official government aid.
B. Online connectivity combined with a traditional sense of communal duty.
C. The spirit of mutual support and the instinct to act decisively in a crisis.
D. The increasing unpredictability of escalating climate-related disasters.

Question 21: The word its in paragraph 4 refers to ______.
A. resilience B. preparedness C. community D. instinct

Question 22: Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

For many viewers, the online posts provided the impetus for personal engagement.

A. [I] B. [III] C. [IV] D. [II]

Question 23: Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A. Following a destructive inland flood, a citizen-led relief effort, mobilized through social media, responded faster than official channels, an event that demonstrates how modern technology can amplify a traditional sense of community support.

B. The rapid, citizen-led relief effort that followed a major flood served to highlight the significant shortcomings and the slow response time of the more bureaucratic, methodical official government aid channels during a major national crisis.

C. The spontaneous relief effort that followed a major flood, organized by citizens on social media, has now become a new model for disaster response in Vietnam, prompting discussions on how to better integrate these grassroots efforts with official aid.

D. In the wake of a major flood, a grassroots relief effort emerged, showing that while digital connectivity was a useful tool for organization, the response was fueled almost entirely by the nation's ingrained, traditional spirit of collective responsibility.

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 24 to 29.

Introducing Taste Haven - Your New Culinary Destination in Ha Noi!

Discover the (24) ______ at Taste Haven, where flavors from around the world come together to delight your senses. Located in the heart of Ha Noi, our restaurant offers a cozy and inviting atmosphere, perfect (25) ______ any occasion.

Why Choose Taste Haven?

🍽 Exquisite Cuisine: Our talented chefs craft each dish with the finest ingredients (26) ______ every bite is a culinary masterpiece.

🌿 Fresh & Local: "We take pride in creating mouthwatering dishes with fresh ingredients (27) ______ locally, supporting our community."

🍷 Fine Drinks: Enjoy a carefully curated selection of wines, cocktails, and non-alcoholic beverages to complement your meal.

🎵 Live Entertainment: Unwind with live music performances that (28) ______ the perfect mood for your dining experience.

Special Offers:

✨ Grand Opening Special: Enjoy a(n) (29) ______ dessert with every main course during our opening week!

Question 24:
A. dining experience ultimate B. dining ultimate experience

C. experience dining ultimate D. ultimate dining experience

Question 25:
A. for B. with C. to D. in

Question 26:
A. to ensure B. to ensuring C. ensure D. ensured

Question 27:
A. is sourced B. sourcing C. sourced D. which sourced

Question 28:
A. make B. get C. take D. set

Question 29:
A. amazed B. amazing C. amaze D. amazement

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 30 to 35.

Stop Cyberbullying: Take Action Now

Cyberbullying involves using digital platforms to harass, intimidate, or humiliate individuals. This harmful behavior can cause significant emotional (30) ______, leading to anxiety, depression, and even suicidal thoughts. (31) ______ traditional bullying, cyberbullying can occur 24/7 and instantly reach a much wider audience.

Recognize the Signs:

• Avoiding devices or showing (32) ______ noticeable changes in behavior.

• Expressing unexplained anger, sadness, or frustration after being online.

• Experiencing physical symptoms, such as headaches or disturbed sleep (33) ______.

What to Do if You're Targeted:

• Don't Engage: Avoid responding to bullies.

• Save Evidence: Keep (34) ______ of any bullying incidents, such as screenshots or messages.

• Report It: Use the reporting features available on social media platforms.

• Seek Support: Talk to trusted friends, family members, or professionals for help.

Together, we can create a safer online environment. (35) ______ cyberbullying today!

Question 30:
A. destruction   B. damage   C. devastation   D. deterioration

Question 31:
A. Despite   B. Unlike   C. Regardless of   D. Rather than

Question 32:
A. other   B. others   C. another   D. the other

Question 33:
A. losses   B. issues   C. patterns   D. times

Question 34:
A. numbers   B. quantity   C. records   D. amount

Question 35:
A. Look up to   B. Think back on
C. Come up with   D. Stand up against

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 36 to 40.

Question 36:
a. Tom: Sounds good! I can benefit from a workout. What time are you thinking?
b. Lily: How about around 5? It won't be too hot by then.
c. Lily: I’m planning to go for a run in the park later. Do you want to join me?

A. c - a – b B. b - c – a C. c - b – a D. a - c – b

Question 37:

A. Ben: That’s great to hear! Do you have any specific theme in mind for your room makeover?
b. Sam: Thanks! I’ll start by picking out some plants this weekend.
c. Sam: I’m thinking of adding some greenery and natural lighting to make it feel more relaxing.
d. Ben: That makes sense! They’ll definitely create a calming atmosphere.
e. Sam: I want to refresh my room because it feels a bit dull lately.

A. c - a - e - d – b B. c - d - b - a – e C. e - a - c - d – b D. e - d - b - a – c

Question 38:

Hi Tom,

A. I can’t believe it’s been so long since we last caught up!
b. Maybe we could plan a hike together soon. It’d be a great way to reconnect.
c. I remember the last trail we hiked was so beautiful, and I’d love to do something similar.
d. Let me know if you’re free sometime this month—I’ll make sure to bring snacks!
e. Hope you’re doing well and enjoying your new job.

Take care,
Alex

A. b - a - d - e – c B. e - b - a - d – c C. c - e - a - b – d D. a - e - b - c – d

Question 39:

A. At first, I was unsure how to approach teaching the children, but I quickly learned effective techniques.
b. To sum up, I’m thrilled about the opportunity to help these kids improve their reading skills and proud of the progress they’ve made.

C. My fellow volunteers and I work together to create engaging activities that make learning enjoyable for everyone.

D. I have gained valuable experience in education and mentoring since I began volunteering at the local literacy program.
e. Currently, we’re organizing a reading challenge that requires careful planning and coordination.

A. c - a - d - e – b B. e - a - c - d – b C. d - a - c - e – b D. a - e - d - c – b

Question 40:

A. For instance, traveling becomes more enjoyable and meaningful when you can communicate with locals, making each interaction a chance to learn something new.

B. Studies show that bilingual individuals often have improved cognitive abilities, which can lead to better problem-solving skills and memory retention.

C. Being able to speak another language not only opens doors to new cultural experiences but also allows people to connect more deeply with others.

D. Learning a second language has become a popular goal for people of all ages.

e. Moreover, language skills are highly valued in today’s global job market, where employers seek candidates who can communicate across cultures.

A. d - e - c - b – a B. d - b - c - a – e C. d - a - c - b – e D. d - c - a - e - b