Read the following notice and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

New Customer Account Opening - Important Information

        Thank you for choosing National Trust Bank. Below are essential details regarding your new account:

        a) Account Features

        • Access to (1) ______ banking platforms including mobile app and online services

        • Competitive interest rates on savings

        • Free international transactions 

        b) Required Documentation

        Please bring a sufficient (2) ______ of identification documents (passport, driver’s license, utility bill) when visiting our branch. Appointments can be scheduled (3) ______ we can serve you more efficiently.

        c) Account Activation

        Once your application is approved, we will (4) ______ issuing your debit card and security credentials. These will be delivered (5) ______ your registered address within 7-10 business days.

For queries, please don’t hesitate to (6) ______ our customer service team on 0800-BANKING.

(Adapted from bank customer information leaflets)

Question 1. A. convenient modern multiple                B. multiple convenient modern

C.  modern multiple convenient                D. multiple modern convenient

Question 2. A. batch                B. bundle                C. range                D. collection

Question 3. A. so that                B. in order                C. whereas                D. provided that

Question 4. A. get down to                B. proceed with        C. embark on                D. set forth

Question 5. A. to                        B. at                        C. on                        D. for

Question 6. A. consult                B. confer                C. liaise                D. engage

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 7 to 11.

Question 7. a. Master artisans from older generations have been invited to train young apprentices, ensuring the transmission of refined techniques.

B. Provincial authorities implemented support policies including tax incentives and exhibition opportunities, creating favorable conditions for craft villages.

C. This revitalization has transformed struggling communities into prosperous cultural tourism destinations, demonstrating that tradition and modernity can coexist.

D. Throughout the past two decades, Vietnamese traditional craft villages have witnessed an unprecedented resurgence, reversing decades of decline.

e. Additionally, innovative marketing strategies have introduced these handcrafted products to global markets, expanding beyond domestic to international appreciation.

A.  d-a-e-c-b                        B. d-a-b-e-c                        C. d-b-a-e-c                        D. d-e-a-b-c

Question 8. a. To commence evaluation, please share sales coverage data and complete the partner qualification questionnaire online.

B. Our team will review submissions and propose territory, targets, and support within ten days accordingly.

C. Pilot allocations and co-marketing funds are limited; priority given to responses by 20 November only.

D. For a briefing, reply to this email or schedule a call with our partnerships desk.

e. We invite your company to explore a distribution partnership for Nimbus home appliances across Vietnam.

A.  e-b-a-c-d                        B. b-a-e-c-d                        C. e-a-c-b-d                        D. e-a-b-c-d

Question 9. a. Kevin: I’m really sorry for being late to our meeting. The traffic was absolutely terrible today.

B. Michelle: No worries at all. These things happen. Let’s just get started now, shall we?

C. Kevin: Thanks for understanding. I really appreciate your patience with me.

A.  a-c-b                        B. c-a-b                        C. b-a-c                        D. a-b-c

Question 10. a. Chris: True, though radio connects people through shared moments and nostalgia.

B. Hannah: Do you still listen to the radio?

C. Hannah: Each medium speaks to listeners in a different yet meaningful way.

D. Chris: Not as often. I prefer podcasts, but the radio has its classic charm.

e. Hannah: I agree, but podcasts give more personal and diverse content.

A.  b-d-e-a-c                         B. a-c-b-e-d                         C. a-b-d-c-e                         D. a-c-d-b-e

Question 11. a. I attended every lecture religiously, expecting to remember everything the professor said through sheer concentration alone.

B. In my first semester of university, I struggled to keep up with fast-paced lectures in several subjects.

C. That realization was invaluable and helped me become a more effective student who actively engages with course material.

D. However, I soon discovered that I was missing crucial information and couldn’t piece together coherent study notes.

e. Afterward, I developed a note-taking system using abbreviations and reviewed my notes immediately after each class.

A.  b-a-d-e-c                        B. a-b-d-c-e                        C. b-d-a-e-c                        D. c-b-a-d-e

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 12 to 16.

        Cultural heritage faces unprecedented threats in the modern era. Climate change, urban expansion, and armed conflicts endanger ancient monuments daily. (12) _______. International organizations now deploy advanced scanning technology to document vulnerable structures. UNESCO’s World Heritage designation brings global attention, yet funding remains scarce. (13) _______. Governments must balance tourism revenue with conservation needs at fragile sites. Local communities often possess traditional knowledge crucial for restoration work. (14) _______. Archaeologists and engineers collaborate to stabilize foundations without modern cement that damages original materials. (15) _______. Digital archives preserve three-dimensional models even when physical sites deteriorate beyond repair. Museums return looted artifacts, acknowledging colonial histories and strengthening partnerships. (16) _______.

(Adapted from National Geographic, “Can World Heritage Status Save Endangered Sites?”)

Question 12. A. These technological advances enable specialists to create comprehensive documentation before natural disasters or conflicts cause irreversible damage

B.  Such digital innovations allow conservators to develop detailed records of threatened monuments facing imminent deterioration

C.  These scanning capabilities help heritage professionals capture precise measurements and high-resolution imagery of vulnerable structures

D.  Such documentation systems permit researchers to generate accurate three-dimensional models of endangered archaeological sites

Question 13. A. Consequently, designated heritage sites typically receive enhanced protection and increased international financial support

B.  However, official recognition does not automatically guarantee the substantial resources required to prevent ongoing deterioration

C.  Therefore, protected landmarks often attract significant visitor numbers seeking authentic encounters with cultural history

D.  Nevertheless, heritage designation frequently enables access to emergency funding for stabilizing damaged monuments

Question 14. A. Meanwhile, restoration specialists provide training in traditional construction techniques that local communities have preserved across generations

B.  Concurrently, conservation experts develop innovative methodologies that incorporate cutting-edge materials into restoration projects

C.  Simultaneously, heritage tourism initiatives promote these sites as sustainable economic opportunities for developing regions

D.  Meanwhile, international funding agencies prioritize projects that demonstrate clear economic benefits alongside preservation outcomes

Question 15. A. Collaborating closely, these professionals integrate contemporary scientific analysis while respecting authentic historical construction methods

B.  Working in partnership, such teams apply modern engineering principles alongside traditional craftsmanship approaches

C.  Through joint initiatives, these specialists merge innovative preservation technologies with time-honored building techniques

D.  By coordinating efforts, these experts combine advanced materials science with traditional artisanal knowledge

Question 16. A. When nations collaborate transparent, future generations can inherit both tangible heritage sites and shared preservation responsibilities

B.  Although challenges persist, coordinated international efforts demonstrate that conservation objectives can coexist with sustainable development

C.  Unless immediate interventions occured, irreplaceable cultural monuments risk disappearing within the next several decades

D.  Because tourism was continuing expanding, heritage managers face difficult decisions regarding appropriate visitor access restrictions

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 17 to 34.

        As plant-based analogues proliferate, a bolder proposition vies for the name “meat”: tissues cultured from animal cells. Advocates tout “cleanliness,” detractors call it synthetic; either way, it is produced without slaughter, in steel tanks dosed with growth cocktails. For millennia meat was assumed to come from animals; now laboratories rehearse that role, knitting fibers to imitate chew and savor. It unsettles definitions of food itself, fusing biotechnology with branding in ways many critics deem nutritionally dubious.

        From pipe dream to shelf trial, the timeline has tightened. A prototype burger was tasted in 2013; by 2020 Singapore permitted limited sales of cell-based chicken. Today about eighty startups court billions, while the U.S. FDA has deemed selected products safe. However, despite endorsements and capital, making cheap cutlets for the masses remains technically fraught and operationally costly. Although unit costs have fallen to reported dollars-per-hundred-grams, industrial bioreactors, sterility, and feedstock logistics still obstruct truly affordable mass manufacture.

        Climate campaigns recast livestock as planetary saboteurs, and media acolytes amplify calls for a ninety-percent cut in meat consumption. Yet ruminant methane, the Clear Center notes, belongs to a short-lived biogenic cycle that returns to carbon dioxide in roughly twelve years. A 2019 analysis suggests cultivated meat could emit long-lived CO₂ that accumulates. Meanwhile, corporate zealots for “lab meat” – including conglomerates already profiting from industrial protein – frame disruption as salvation, even as finance, not ecology, often choreographs the narrative.

        Nutritionists warn the fare is ultraprocessed: cells fed on bespoke media, then textured with additives. Reports cite fetal bovine serum as a growth catalyst, along with antimicrobials, hormones, and other inputs whose residues may persist. Large vats risk contamination – bacteria, fungi, or mycoplasma can compromise batches. One pharma firm, Merck, has invested millions in Mosa Meat and may share culture-medium know-how, blurring cuisine and clinic. To skeptics, the enterprise feels experimental, not comestible, with opaque safety data and diffuse accountability.

(Adapted from “Lab-Grown Meat: Just Another Junk Food?” by Jorg Mardian, April 25, 2023)

Question 17. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 4 as a potential risk or concern?

A.  Contamination by bacteria, fungi, or mycoplasma within production vats

B.  Residues from hormones, antimicrobials, or growth inputs persisting in products

C.  Use of fetal bovine serum in growth media for cultured cells

D.  Increased pasture biodiversity leading to unpredictable flavor variations

Question 18. The word acolytes in paragraph 3 can be best replaced by ______?

A.  bureaucrats        B. adherents                        C. detractors                        D. onlookers

Question 19. The word zealots in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.

A.  devotees                B. partisans                        C. moderates                        D. enthusiasts

Question 20. The word it in paragraph 1 refers to ______.

A.  lab-grown meat cultured from animal cells

B.  traditional beef cattle raised on pasture

C.  plant-based protein extracted from legumes

D.  industrial bioreactors used in vaccine production

Question 21. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 2?

A.  Although funding and approvals have accelerated development, achieving affordable mass production still encounters significant technical obstacles.

B.  Despite substantial investment and regulatory support, delivering inexpensive products at scale continues to pose formidable challenges.

C.  While capital and endorsements proliferate, producing mass-market meat affordably remains both technically demanding and economically prohibitive.

D.  In spite of backing and cash, scaling to low-cost, mass-market portions remains difficult, complex, and expensive.

Question 22. Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 2?

A.  Singapore banned sales of any cell-based meat, citing unresolved safety issues and inadequate manufacturing capacity.

B.  A 2013 tasting and a 2020 Singapore launch show progress, yet sterility and bioreactor demands still constrain scaling.

C.  Costs have stagnated above four thousand per one hundred grams, discouraging investment from regulators and startups alike.

D.  FDA has withheld any safety opinions, awaiting decades of trials before considering cultured products for review.

Question 23. Which paragraph mentions that livestock methane is part of a short carbon cycle returning to CO₂ in about twelve years?

A.  Paragraph 1        B. Paragraph 2                C. Paragraph 3                D. Paragraph 4

Question 24. Which paragraph mentions pharmaceutical investment in a cultured-meat startup (Mosa Meat)?

A.  Paragraph 1        B. Paragraph 2                C. Paragraph 3                D. Paragraph 4

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 30.

Dong Van Karst Plateau Unesco Global Geopark

A Prestigious Recognition

The Dong Van Karst Plateau UNESCO Global Geopark has achieved a (25) ______ milestone by receiving the title "Asia’s Leading Regional Cultural Destination 2025" at the World Travel Awards. This accolade celebrates the geopark’s exceptional geological formations and the (26) ______ cultural heritage of ethnic minorities (27) ______ have inhabited these rugged mountains for generations.

Visitor Experience 

Spanning four districts in Hà Giang Province, the geopark offers a breathtaking (28) ______ of limestone peaks, deep valleys, and ancient rock formations dating back 400-600 million years. Travelers can explore traditional villages where indigenous communities maintain customs (29) ______ down through centuries, creating an authentic cultural immersion rarely found elsewhere.

Tourism authorities are working diligently to (30) ______ sustainable development initiatives that protect both natural landscapes and local traditions while welcoming international visitors.

Plan your journey at https://dongvangeopark.vn/

(Adapted from https://www.breakingtravelnews.com)

Question 25. A. historic                B. historically                C. history                D. historian

Question 26. A. profound                B. intensive                C. thorough                D. comprehensive

Question 27. A. whom                B. which                C. whose                D. who

Question 28. A. panorama                B. expanse                C. breadth                D. stretch

Question 29. A. passing                B. passed                C. to pass                D. having passed

Question 30. A. roll out                B. carry out                C. work out                D. figure out

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

        Synthetic media has collapsed easy distinctions between capture and fabrication, unsettling habits of trust. In response, watermarking proposes “invisible fingerprints” that travel with AI outputs, enabling automated checks where human discernment falters. [I] Advocates argue that credibility can be architected, not merely assumed: if verification accompanies content, audiences regain footing. Yet sceptics warn that machine legibility may obscure human accountability, especially when systems are proprietary or inscrutable. The new contest, therefore, is less about dazzling creation than about restoring epistemic guardrails at scale.

        Standards widen the lens. Provenance frameworks such as C2PA aim to encode the chain of custody, linking artifacts to verifiable histories: who made what, using which tools, and how edits accumulated. [II] Rather than banning synthetic creativity, this approach distinguishes depiction from deception by surfacing origins. If metadata is cryptographically signed and tamper-evident, platforms can label, rank, or gate distribution accordingly. However, standard-setting is political: which institutions arbitrate protocols, and how transparency trades against privacy, safety, and creators’ legitimate anonymity in sensitive contexts?

        Watermarking is no panacea. Adversaries may strip signals, compress away markers, or forge look-alikes; rogue models will simply skip compliance. If marks are uneven, contested, or fragile, trust mechanisms risk becoming theatre: visible ritual without dependable protection. [III] Hence the call for multilayered defence  –  watermarking plus classifiers, policy enforcement, and public literacy  –  so that failure in one layer is caught by another. Within this fabric, the invisible tag helps honest actors declare origins while preserving ordinary user experience.

        Adoption is a cultural as much as a technical project. Tooling must expose provenance in familiar surfaces, with defaults that make checks frictionless and predictable. [IV] Pilots, audits, and cross-sector coalitions can refine thresholds, while appeal rights and human override sustain legitimacy. If audiences expect authenticity cues as they expect padlocks in browsers, vigilance becomes ambient rather than exhausting. In the long run, institutions that embed contestability alongside efficiency are likelier to preserve both creative abundance and civic trust.

(Adapted from Hetvi Gandhi, “Synthetic Media Watermarking and Authenticity Standards,” Reflections, Aug. 23, 2025)

Question 31. According to paragraph 1, ______ restores footing when human discernment falters.

A.  watermarking that travels with content to enable automated checking

B.  prohibitions on all synthetic media regardless of artistic or educational context

C.  newsroom memoranda reminding audiences to simply trust official communications

D.  influencer endorsements guaranteeing that viral clips are genuine by reputation

Question 32. The word frictionless in paragraph 4 mostly means ______.

A.  effortlessly smooth                                B. cautiously tentative

C.  deliberately opaque                                D. marginally abrasive

Question 33. Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?

A.  Provenance standards expose origins through cryptographic records while navigating political choices about governance, privacy, and who sets the rules for visibility at scale.

B.  Banning synthetic media entirely is the only workable method for ensuring provenance, because standards inevitably erase anonymity and collapse all creative freedoms.

C.  Watermarking replaces every editorial decision, allowing platforms to abandon moderation since signatures automatically prevent deceptive edits across all distribution channels.

D.  Standards eliminate the need for metadata; creators simply declare authenticity verbally, and platforms confirm manually without cryptography or institutional participation.

Question 34. What governance features are emphasised to legitimise authenticity ecosystems?

A.  auditable protocols, signed metadata, transparent labelling, and avenues for appeal, consistently

B.  secretive committees, unpublished criteria, unverifiable hashes, and irreversible rankings by default

C.  profit-maximising algorithms, private deals, coercive disclosure, and permanent identifiers for everyone

D.  ad hoc checklists, oral promises, sporadic reviews, and selective exemptions for major advertisers

Question 35. What limitation of watermarking does paragraph 3 highlight?

A.  skilled attackers can strip, corrupt, or imitate embedded signals

B.  human editors always misread visible labels on platforms

C.  creators cannot legally publish signed provenance metadata

D.  compression invariably strengthens the robustness of signatures

Question 36. The phrase invisible tag in paragraph 3 refers to ______.

A.  privacy
B.  watermarks                C. forgery                D. auditors

Question 37. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

If marks are uneven, contested, or fragile, trust mechanisms risk becoming theatre: visible ritual without dependable protection.

A.  If provenance signals achieve universal robustness and enforcement, public confidence predictably declines as reliable mechanisms engender complacency and inadvertently incentivize evasion.

B.  Provided authentication markers remain irregular and contested, protective efficacy paradoxically improves because ritualized protocols reassure users despite underlying signal brittleness.

C.  Should authentication signals exhibit irregular implementation or technical brittleness, verification infrastructures devolve into performative ceremonialism projecting legitimacy superficially without substantive safeguards.

D.  As tagging systems strengthen technically, theatrical dimensions replace substantive function, making verification ceremonies prominent while materially diminishing actual protective capacity.

Question 38. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A.  Political control over standards is irrelevant to legitimacy; technical cryptography alone suffices to deliver broad civic trust across cultures and industries indefinitely.

B.  Universal removal of synthetic media is necessary, since provenance cues cannot coexist with creative innovation without destroying privacy and shrinking legitimate expressive possibilities.

C.  Audiences prefer exhausting vigilance; therefore, platforms should hide provenance, ensuring users practise constant suspicion instead of relying on ambient, well-designed authenticity cues.

D.  A layered approach combining standards, tooling, policy, and literacy likely outperforms single-point fixes, because diverse failure modes demand overlapping safeguards and routes for contestation.

Question 39. Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

This approach aims to match the velocity of deception with equally rapid verification at the moment of exposure.

A.  [I]                        B. [II]                                C. [III]                        D. [IV]

Question 40. Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A.  Authenticity mechanisms chiefly restrict creativity, so societies should abandon standards work and let market competition decide which content appears trustworthy to audiences.

B.  Signatures alone solve misinformation, making cultural adoption unnecessary and rendering oversight, audits, and appeals redundant across all major platforms globally.

C.  Watermarking and provenance standards can bolster trust, but only as part of multilayered governance that balances robustness, usability, privacy, and political legitimacy.

D.  Watermarking is strictly cosmetic; attempts to expose origins inevitably fail, and the only remaining solution is permanent scepticism and continual manual verification everywhere.