Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

Question 1: A. curbing        B. having curbed        C. which curbs        D. curbed

Question 2: A. household mixed waste        B. mixed waste household

C.  mixed household waste        D. households mixed waste

Question 3: A. systematic        B. system        C. systematically        D. systemic

Question 4: A. ease        B. polish        C. settle        D. stretch

Question 5: A. for        B. with        C. at        D. about

Question 6: A. extend        B. extended        C. extending        D. to extend

Read the following notice and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

Question 7: A. precise        B. restrained        C. lucid        D. refined

Question 8: A. Unlike        B. Beyond        C. Despite        D. Against

Question 9: A. every other        B. all others        C. others        D. the others

Question 10: A. brush aside        B. see through        C. fall back on        D. put up with

Question 11: A. pressure        B. leverage        C. authority        D. influence

Question 12: A. amount        B. source        C. number        D. portion

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

Question 13:

A.  Iris: It’s in the shared album. I added the menu and the bus map there too.

B.  Leo: Great. I was worried we’d waste time choosing food there like last year.

C.  Iris: I made a plan for Saturday’s club trip, since the street fair gets crowded by noon.

A.  a – c – b        B. b – a – c        C. c – a – b        D. c – b – a

Question 14:

A.  Ryan: That sounds better. We can also give each person one specific job to do.

B.  Chloe: Great idea. That will help us avoid missing important messages.

C.  Ryan: Are you free to work on the science poster this afternoon?

D.  Chloe: Yes, but can we organize it better this time? Our last discussion was really confusing.

e. Ryan: Sure. Let’s write the tasks in a shared note and use the chat only for short updates.

A.  c – d – e – b – a        B. d – c – b – e – a        C. c – b – d – a – e        D. e – c – d – a – b

Question 15:

Dear Customer,

Thank you for booking with CityLine Tours.

A.  To avoid confusion, we have sent a new boarding QR code to your email.

B.  Even so, some guests noticed this morning that the app still showed the old pickup point.

C.  If you are travelling with older family members, please arrive ten minutes early for support.

D.  Because a night market is being set up there, tomorrow’s 7 p.m. bus will leave from the south entrance of Central Hall.

e. We updated the location quickly, but notifications were delayed on some devices.

Best regards,

Customer Care Team

A.  b – e – d – c – a        B. d – e – b – a – c        C. b – c – a – d – e        D. d – b – e – a – c

Question 16:

A.  To fix that, we stopped depending on live calls and made a shared folder with short voice notes for each subject.

B.  As a result, our discussions became more focused, and we used meeting time to solve difficult questions instead of repeating notes.

C.  My study group nearly fell apart during exam month because everyone had different schedules and kept missing online meetings.

D.  Since then, I have realized that teamwork works better when the method fits people’s real routines, not an ideal plan.

e. That system was simple, but it meant no one had to stay awake just to hear the same explanation twice.

A.  c – a – e – b – d        B. a – c – e – b – d        C. c – e – a – b – d        D. d – c – a – e – b

Question 17:

A.  Resisting FOMO requires setting limits on digital exposure and learning to value personal experiences that are not shaped by constant comparison.

B.  In a digital environment filled with constant updates and public displays of achievement, many people develop a quiet fear of missing out.

C.  This becomes particularly dangerous when some feel pressured to take risks or make choices they are not ready for simply to keep up or gain approval.

D.  When online users, especially teenagers at an impressionable age, are repeatedly exposed to carefully edited content, their perception of reality can gradually shift.

e. This feeling, often labelled FOMO, takes shape when online content repeatedly suggests that others are living fuller or more rewarding lives.

A.  b – e – a – d – c        B. d – e – b – a – c        C. b – e – d – c – a        D. d – e – b – c – a

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Question 18:

A.  many of which have long functioned as recognisable parts of ordinary social life

B.  many of them being long recognised as ordinary social life in functioning

C.  of which many have functioned recognisably as part in ordinary social life

D.  many of those long functioning as recognisable ordinary parts in social life

Question 19:

A.  has been responding to risk more genuinely than unfamiliarity

B.  responds genuinely to risk or merely reacts with unfamiliarity

C.  is genuine in risk or merely unfamiliar in response

D.  is a response to genuine risk or merely to unfamiliarity

Question 20:

A.  even if they cannot fully replace trained human therapists

B.  so that trained human therapists are not fully replaced by them

C.  which means trained human therapists cannot replace them fully

D.  despite trained human therapists not being fully replaced by them

Question 21:

A.  may be dependent on rewards that reduce what they are designed for

B.  are rewarded by dependence in forms they do not design to reduce

C.  may reward forms of dependence they are not designed to reduce

D.  reward dependence by forms that are not designed to reduce it

Question 22:

A.  with the result that users no longer need to reconnect with other people

B.  rather than quietly displacing the relationships users most need to sustain

C.  although the relationships users most need are displaced more quietly

D.  instead of users being quietly displaced from relationships they need sustaining

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Question 23: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of inert knowledge?

A.  repeated exposure to one type of task        B. limited practice conditions

C.  predictable question patterns        D. lack of memory of the material

Question 24: The word "rigid" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to __________.

A.  strict        B. fixed        C. formal        D. narrow

Question 25: The word "fragile" in paragraph 4 is OPPOSITE in meaning to __________.

A.  tough        B. full        C. stable        D. secure

Question 26: The word "them" in paragraph 3 refers to __________.

A.  formulas and steps                B. definitions, formulas, or steps        

C.  problems                D. memorised knowledge

Question 27: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 1?

A.  Students fail to learn anything new because the knowledge they store is lost whenever a situation changes.

B.  Learning does occur, but the inability to access stored information in new contexts prevents effective application.

C.  When situations change, students find it hard to store new knowledge even though they can retrieve old ideas.

D.  Knowledge is only difficult to retrieve when students have not learned anything substantial from the lesson.

Question 29: According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about the nature of learning and knowledge?

A.  Strong performance on familiar classroom tasks is a reliable guarantee that deep learning has occurred.

B.  Repetition of definitions and formulas is the most effective way to help students transfer knowledge to new tasks.

C.  The ability to use knowledge effectively depends on more than just the amount of information a student remembers.

D.  Knowledge becomes "inert" primarily because students have failed to store the information in their memory.

Question 29: In which paragraph does the author discuss the deceptive nature of strong classroom performance?

A.  Paragraph 1        B. Paragraph 2        C. Paragraph 3        D. Paragraph 4

Question 30: In which paragraph does the author explain how predictable patterns can limit the usefulness of learned information?

A.  Paragraph 1        B. Paragraph 2        C. Paragraph 3        D. Paragraph 4

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Question 31: Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

Yet markets have a long record of converting necessity into image, and image into insulation.

A.  [I]        B. [II]        C. [III]        D. [IV]

Question 32: The word "it" in paragraph 1 refers to __________.

A.  the public        B. healthier soil        C. that change        D. power

Question 33: According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT a method used by corporations to shift public perception?

A.  Emphasizing minor ecological improvements.        B. Using positive narratives to provide absolution.

C.  Directly falsifying scientific data on crop yields.        D. Omitting critical issues like pesticide dependence.

Question 34: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?

A.  Companies often improve one visible part of production while quietly reducing broader environmental pressure across the rest of the farming system.

B.  Small visible changes are often framed as moral progress, allowing narrative reassurance to replace deeper accountability for unchanged farming practices.

C.  Consumers are easily misled because they care more about attractive packaging than about the long-term environmental consequences of crop production.

D.  Public concern grows when packaging is reduced but farming methods remain inefficient, making companies depend more heavily on emotional language.

Question 35: The word “stewardship” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to __________.

A.  financial gain        B. public image        C. market influence        D. responsible care

Question 36: Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A.  Public confidence increases mainly because corporations now provide farmers with stronger protection against weather shocks and unstable profit margins.

B.  Regenerative agriculture has become controversial because its environmental promises are impossible to measure under present farming conditions.

C.  The danger lies partly in allowing favourable language to stand in for meaningful changes in farming practice and power relations.

D.  Green claims become convincing only when companies reduce packaging and address pesticide dependence at the same time.

Question 37: According to paragraph 3, which of the following most clearly explains why corporate green narratives can become so influential?

A.  They usually offer more accurate evidence than the public receives from growers facing daily production pressures and unstable conditions.

B.  They gain force because larger firms can speak in a clearer, louder moral language than those with less power in the food system.

C.  They appeal strongly to the public because farmers often avoid discussing weather risk, debt, and weak seasonal margins in direct terms.

D.  They become effective mainly when corporations adopt the same technical language that international organisations use in sustainability reports.

Question 38: Which of the following best paraphrases the in paragraph 2?

A.  The main shift lies less in farming practice than in the way existing practice is publicly described and framed.

B.  Crop production changes very little because narration has replaced technical improvement as the main source of agricultural value.

C.  What matters most is not how crops are cultivated but whether consumers are persuaded by the story attached to them.

D.  Farming methods remain stable when public communication is weak, even if environmental claims become easier to market.

Question 39: Which of the following can most likely be inferred from the passage?

A.  If public discussion continues to reward hopeful sustainability language more than verifiable change, powerful actors will remain well placed to shape what counts as agricultural progress.

B.  Because farmers face harsher economic and climatic pressure than corporations do, they are generally more trustworthy interpreters of environmental change in food systems.

C.  Environmental claims in crop farming become misleading only when they are based on minor packaging changes rather than on broader reforms in soil treatment.

D.  Once regenerative agriculture is measured through clearer international standards, corporate efforts to influence its meaning will largely disappear.

Question 40: Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A.  Modern crop farming increasingly depends on sustainability language, but this shift will remain useful only if consumers learn to distrust emotional branding and demand clearer data from producers.

B.  As regenerative vocabulary spreads through contemporary agriculture, the central issue is whether hopeful green narratives are masking limited change, unequal power, and the survival of older farming logics beneath improved public language.

C.  The greening of agricultural language reflects a necessary response to environmental decline, although corporations still need stronger oversight to ensure that farmers share more fairly in the benefits of reform.

D.  Public concern about greenwashing in agriculture has grown because corporations now dominate the language of sustainability, turning farmers into the main victims of misleading environmental storytelling.